Humans are living beings that have a close symbiotic relationship with microbes. The microbiota, which has become increasingly popular and important in recent years, consists of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi found on or inside the human body. The human body hosts a complex microbial ecosystem that includes approximately 10-100 trillion com- mensal, symbiotic, and even pathogenic microorganisms.

Microbiota is considered an organ of the human body with features that make it important in various functions of the body. Human microbiota has been associated with many health conditions and has a tremendous role in the course and treatment of diseases. Microbiota can vary from person to person and have different compositions according to age. The external environment, diet, and lifestyle are the main determinants that affect the composition and vitality of the microbiome.

Our book aims to reveal the development and effects of microbiota from the first moment of fetal life and its relationship with many diseases. The current literature is about the effects of microbiota on the formation, prognosis and treatment of diseases. In this book, we aimed to touch on all current mechanisms and the role of microbiota in the development and treatment of diseases. Since dysbiosis in microbiota causes the formation of diseases and resistance in the treatment process, current treatment strategies that can eliminate dysbiosis are also dis- cussed in our book.

We hope this book will be a hope for microbiota and a good read for everyone.

While extending heartfelt thanks to all contributing academics for their efforts, we hope

the book will benefit readers, the elderly, and our society.

We dedicate this work to our dear friends whom we lost in the February 6 earthquake and whose departure left us incomplete. We commemorate with longing Murat Güntel, Bessam Ezelsoy, Kamercan Ceylan, Bircan Turunç, Eda Kahiloğulları Aşkar and her husband Emre Aşkar, all of whom were wonderful people and medical doctors. With our deepest affection and respect in the memory of our precious ones whom we are honored to have known.

Prof. Dr. İsmet Murat Melek
Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Department of Neurology,
Ankara, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seda Aydoğan
Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Department of Neonatology,
Ankara, Türkiye