ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

MaxillofacialSurgerydakapak

3D PRINTING IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: TRANSFORMING TREATMENT APPROACHES

Raha Akbaṙıhamed

Ankara Medipol University,Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye

Akbarihamed R. 3D Printing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Transforming Treatment Approaches. Karasu HA, ed. Advanced Technologies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.4149.

ABSTRACT

Threedimensional (3D) printing technology, first introduced by Charles Hull in 1986 through the development of stereolithography (SLA), has revolutionized healthcare by enabling the layerbylayer creation of complex structures. This technology has transformed traditional practices, offering solu tions that were previously unattainable. In healthcare, particularly in surgical planning, patientspecific anatomical models produced through 3D printing allow for detailed visualization, surgical rehearsal, and improved outcomes. These advantages have made 3D printing an indispensable tool in modern medicine.

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, the applications of 3D printing can be categorized into three main areas: anatomical models for surgical planning, patientspecific surgical guides, and customdesigned implants. Data obtained from imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are processed into STL files via advanced software and used for 3D printing. These models and guides are instrumental in proce dures requiring precision, such as implant placement, tumor resections, and trauma management.

The technology has proven particularly transformative in dental implantology, tumor and cyst resection, trauma reconstruction, and the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Patientspecific surgical guides ensure accurate implant placement and bone resections, reducing the risk of surgical errors. Moreover, in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, 3D printing facilitates facial contouring, prosthetic design, and orthognathic procedures, offering unmatched precision and customization.

Despite its significant potential, the widespread adoption of 3D printing in healthcare faces several challenges. High costs, limited availability of biocompatible materials, and the complexity of the de sign and manufacturing processes remain significant barriers. Addressing these challenges is essential for broader clinical integration and fully harnessing this transformative technology’s potential.

In conclusion, 3D printing reshapes oral and maxillofacial surgery by enabling personalized, precise, and efficient treatment approaches. By bridging the gap between preoperative planning and surgical execution, this technology enhances surgical outcomes and redefines the possibilities within this field.

Keywords: Printing; ThreeDimensional; Surgery; Oral; Orthognathic surgical procedures; Biocompatible materials; Temporomandibular joint

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