TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION

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A CAUSE OF SECONDARY OTALGIA: TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

Gülfem Beyazpınar

Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, Türkiye

Beyazpınar G. A Cause of Secondary Otalgia: Temporomandibular Disorders. In: Coşar SN, Afşar Sİ editors. Temporomandibular Disorders and Principles of Rehabilitation. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.35-40.

ABSTRACT

Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions (TMD) are neuromuscular disorders that affect the masticatory muscles and the joint itself. These conditions can lead to a range of complaints, including joint pain, crepitus, asymmetric mandibular movement, and otological symptoms. Secondary otalgia arising from TMD often triggers chronic pain processes, reducing the quality of life. The anatomical proximity of the joint and the ear means that as the severity of TMD increases, otalgia becomes more pronounced. In TMD, otalgia typically results from the innervation of the trigeminal nerve and other cranial nerves associated with the ear. Additionally, parafunctional activities such as stress, teeth clenching, and bruxism are influential factors in the development of the disorder. Treatment generally starts with conservative approaches, including muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and the use of occlusal splints. Furthermore, methods like hot compresses, physical therapy, and stress management can help reduce pain. Advanced treatments such as botulinum toxin may also be beneficial for some patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in controlling otalgia in TMD cases.

Keywords: Earache; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Myalgia; Bruxism; Tooth wear

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