TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION

tmjkapak

ANAMNESIS ANDPHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

Selen Özgözen

Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Turgut Noyan Training and Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Adana, Türkiye

Özgözen S. Anamnesis and Physical Examination of Temporomandibular Disorders. In: Coşar SN, Afşar Sİ editors. Temporomandibular Disorders and Principles of Rehabilitation. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.43-51.

ABSTRACT

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise several problems impacting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, resulting in symptoms including discomfort, limited jaw mobility, and joint noises. Given the multifactorial nature of TMD, a thorough anamnesis and systematic physical examination are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Anamnesis focuses on evaluating pain characteristics, jaw function, parafunctional habits, and systemic disease involvement, while physical examination includes inspection, mandibular movement assessment, palpation, and joint sound evaluation. Pain-related and intra-articular TMD subtypes are classified based on current diagnostic criteria. Parafunctional activities, such as bruxism and clenching, significantly contribute to symptom exacerbation, and systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and fibromyalgia frequently coexist with TMD. Although clinical assessment provides valuable insights, imaging techniques remain crucial for confirming structural abnormalities.

Keywords: Temporomandibular joint disorders; Physical examination; Arthralgia; Jaw abnormalities; Facial pain

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