CURRENT CONCEPTS IN ADULTS UPPER EXTREMITY FRACTURES

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ANATOMY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF PROXIMAL RADIAL FRACTURES

Mustafa Fatih Daşcı

İstanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Türkiye

Daşcı MF. Anatomy, Epidemiology and Classification of Proximal Radial Fractures. In: Tiftikçi U, Erdoğan E, Ergün C, Güneş Z, editors. Current Concepts in Adults Upper Extremity Fractures. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.151-158.

ABSTRACT

Proximal radial fractures, particularly those involving the radial head and neck, are a significant clinical concern, accounting for approximately 33% of all elbow fractures and 1.7-5.4% of all fractures in adults. These injuries predominantly affect young adults due to high-energy trauma and older individuals with osteoporosis following low-energy falls. The proximal radius exhibits a complex anatomical structure, participating in the radioulnar, radiocapitellar, and radiocapitellar ligament articulations. Muscles such as the biceps brachii, supinator, and flexor digitorum superficialis attach to the proximal radius, and important neurovascular structures, including the radial and posterior interosseous nerves, are in close proximity. Understanding the clinical anatomy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The epidemiology of proximal radial fractures is characterized by a wide age range, no significant gender bias, and varying mechanisms of injury. Several classification systems exist for these fractures, with the Mason classification being the most widely used. The modified Mason classification expands on the original system to account for variations in fracture patterns and associated injuries. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgical interventions such as open reduction and internal fixation or radial head arthroplasty, depending on the fracture type and associated injuries. Proper classification and a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical complexities are essential for optimal patient outcomes.

Keywords: Radius fractures; Elbow joint; Anatomy; Epidemiology; Classification

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