TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION

tmjkapak

ANATOMY OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Mahmut Sabri Medisoğlu

Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Kocaeli, Türkiye

Medisoğlu MS. Anatomy of Temporomandibular Joint. In: Coşar SN, Afşar Sİ editors. Temporomandibular Disorders and Principles of Rehabilitation. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.3-14.

ABSTRACT

The stomatognathic system is a complex structure consisting of various anatomical structures that allow the mouth to open, food to be swallowed, breathing, phonation, sucking, and different facial expressions. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is a movable basic part of this system consisting of teeth, cheeks, lips, and salivary glands, is a complex joint that provides chewing and speaking movements. Located between the temporal and mandibular bones, TMJ, the only movable joint in the cranium, not only provides the opening and closing of the mouth but also performs many important functions such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing. This joint is divided into two separate parts by an articular disc located between two bone surfaces. All movements of the TMJ are provided by the coordinated work of this articular disc and ligaments, muscles, and other tissues around the joint. This complex structure in the joint allows the jaw to move in different directions and perform delicate movements such as chewing. One of the main differences of TMJ from other synovial joints is that the joint surfaces are covered with fibrous cartilage instead of hyaline cartilage. This makes the joint movement more flexible. In addition, the ligaments and muscles around the joint, which ensure the coordinated and smooth performance of the movements, are also important structural components of the joint. However, this complex structure can also make the joint susceptible to various problems. TMJ disorders can lead to many different complaints such as headaches, jaw pain, and tinnitus. In conclusion, the temporomandibular joint is the joint that provides jaw movements and is one of the most complex joints in the body. The structure and function of this joint affect many functions that are important in our daily lives, such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing.

Keywords: Stomatognathic system; Temporomandibular joint; Temporomandibular joint disc; Temporomandibular joint disorders

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