Antibiotic Selection in Invasive Fungal Infections of Childhood

Şilem ÖZDEM ALATAŞa , İrem Ceren ERBAŞa , Nurşen BELETa

aDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İzmir, Türkiye

ABSTRACT

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized and immunocompromised children due to limited treatment options. The main causes in children are Candida and Aspergillus species, less commonly Mucorales, and other fungal species. Despite advances in supportive care, IFI is still a significant cause of mortality. The most frequently isolated species in invasive diseases are C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Each of these organisms has its unique virulence potential, antifungal susceptibility, and epidemiology. The most frequently isolated species in humans are A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. terreus. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common clinic form. The most common Fusarium spp. that cause disease in humans are F. solani, F. oxysporum, and F. moniliforme. The prognosis of disseminated fusariosis in immunocompromised cases is quite poor, and antifungal treatment should be started without waiting for sensitivity or species identification.

Keywords: Antifungal agents; invasive fungal infections; child

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