Approach to the Neonate with Anemia and Polycythemia in the Pediatric Emergency Department

cocukacil-5-1-2024

Pamir IŞIKa

aBaşkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Neonatal anemia is a very common condition in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and the clinical effects of anemia can range from manifestations of hypovolemia associated with acute blood loss to mild clinical manifestations much later in life. Acute hypovolemia and hypoxia may result in ischemic injury to end organs. Although newborns are one of the most transfused categories, optimal hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (Hct) transfusion thresholds for the treatment of anemia have not been clearly defined. Neonatal polycythemia has multifactorial causes, and an unusually high proportion of Hct builds the risk of hyperviscosity, microcirculatory hypoperfusion, and in the long run multisystem organ dysfunction. This report focuses on the causes of anemia and polycythemia, management of these diseases in the neonatal period, and treatment options based on current evidence.
Keywords: Anemia, neonatal; polycythemia

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