ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY

Artificial_Intelligence_in_Gastrointestinalkapak

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SURGERY

Sadık Keşmer

Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Elazığ, Türkiye

Keşmer S. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Surgery. Çaycı HM, ed. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Gastrointestinal Surgery. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.11-21.

ABSTRACT

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and surgery is one of the biggest milestones in modern medicine. AI algorithms analyze a large range of data from medical imaging to patient records, enabling more accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and optimized surgical planning. It also has the potential to support surgeons in complex processes such as identifying unidentified anatomical regions. AI integration, especially in robotic surgery systems, contributes significantly to the development of minimally invasive surgery by increasing surgical sensitivity, efficiency, and safety. However, AI comes with risks such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, lack of visibility, and ethical issues.

The contributions of AI to surgery may not be limited to during the operation. Factors such as operating room conditions, operating lights, insufflation pressures, table tilt, and temperature can be optimized with AI to improve the performance of the surgical team. In addition, AI-based systems can contribute at every stage from surgical planning to postoperative patient follow-up. In this way, complication risks can be predicted in advance and surgical processes can be made more efficient.

In the future, the development of autonomous surgical systems will be one of the most remarkable approaches of AI. Systems that work integrated with surgeons today have the potential to transform into fully autonomous surgical robots that can make independent decisions in the coming years. In particular, advances in haptic feedback technologies enable surgeons to feel the resistance of tissues, increasing the accuracy of operations. The sensitivity offered by AI in minimally invasive surgeries will increase patient satisfaction with smaller incisions and faster healing processes. The integration of AI and surgery will not only increase the precision of surgical procedures but also improve patient safety and the overall quality of healthcare. AI is shaping the future of surgery as a technology that reduces surgical risks, revolutionizes surgical education, and makes healthcare systems more accessible. However, more research and ethical debates are needed for this technology to become widespread.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Surgery; Robotic surgery; Autonomous; Deep learning; Minimally invasive

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