BİLİŞSEL İŞLEV BOZUKLUKLARINA PSİKOTERAPÖTİK YAKLAŞIM
Gülcan Karaca Özkütük
Manisa Akhisar Mustafa Kirazoğlu Devlet Hastanesi, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Manisa, Türkiye
Karaca Özkütük G. Bilişsel İşlev Bozukluklarına Psikoterapötik Yaklaşım. Aydemir Ö, Esen Danacı A, editörler. Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.221-235.
ÖZET
Ruhsal hastalıklarda temel belirtilerin yanında oldukça sık karşılaşılan bilişsel işlev bozuklukları hem hastalık dönemlerinde hem de hastalık remisyona girdikten sonra görülebilmektedir. Bilişsel işlev bozuklukları hastanın yaşam kalitesi ve işlevselliğini etkilemektedir. Bu sebeple işlevselliği ve yaşam kalitesini artırmada önemli bir tedavi hedefi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bilişsel işlev kayıplarına yönelik önerilen ilaç dışı tedavi yöntemleri arasında bilişsel onarım terapisi, sosyal beceri eğitimi, metabilişsel müdahaleler ve bilişsel davranışçı müdahaleler gibi yöntemler yer almaktadır. Bilişsel onarım terapisi sayesinde bilişsel kayıplar, çeşitli stratejiler ile telafi edilmeye ya da kaybedilen bilişsel yeti yerine yeni bilişsel yetiler kazandırılmaya çalışılır. Bilişsel onarım terapisi başta şizofreni olmak üzere diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarda da kullanılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bir diğer alan olan sosyal bilişe yönelik müdahaleler arasında sosyal biliş ve etkileşim tedavisi yer almaktadır. Bu yöntem ile bireyin sosyal durumları ve duyguları tanıma, duruma uygun değerlendirmeyi sağlama ve öğrendiği bu becerilerin sosyal hayata entegre etmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Metabilişsel müdahalelerde ise olumsuz durumla baş etmekte kullanılan işlevsiz stratejiler hedef alınmakta ve bireyin düşünce süreçlerine odaklanması hedeflenmektedir. Halen gelişmekte olan metabilişe yönelik müdahale yöntemleri son dönemde giderek artan bir şekilde ilgi görmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilişsel bozukluk; Bilişsel onarım; Sosyal biliş; Metabiliş; Psikoterapi
Kaynak Göster
Referanslar
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