CORONARY VENOUS SYSTEM DISEASES

Coronary_Venous_System_Diseases

BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS INCORONARY VENOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGIES

Damien Gruson1,2

1Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
2Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Pôle de recherche en Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Brussels, Belgium

Gruson D. Biochemical Markers in Coronary Venous System Pathologies. In: Altay S, Akşit E, Kemaloğlu Öz T editor. Coronary Venous System Diseases. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.45-54.

ABSTRACT

Biochemical markers have significantly enhanced the diagnosis and management of coronary venous system pathologies, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) as well as one of their potential complication, heart failure (HF). High-sensitivity cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides are now well established in clinical practice, offering diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic guidance. Advances in biomarkers such as lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, galectin-3, and soluble ST2 provide deeper insights into underlying mechanisms like inflammation, myocardial stress, and fibrosis. The diversity in biochemical forms of biomarkers, however, demands precise analytical approaches. Recent research emphasizes not only on high-sensitivity measurements but also the chal- lenges posed by analytical imprecision and the need for clinical cutoffs aligned with pathophysiologi- cal insights. Novel strategies including mass spectrometry, proteomics, and form-specific monoclonal assays are being developed to enhance accuracy. Future perspectives involve integration of omics technologies, artificial intelligence, and point-of-care testing (POCT), allowing for real-time, individ- ualized cardiovascular care. Wearable sensors, exposomics, and digital twins represent the frontier of precision medicine. Ensuring the clinical utility of these technologies requires robust validation frame- works, from analytical performance to ethical compliance. This chapter explores these dimensions, incorporating recent guidelines and evidence-based evaluations of conventional and novel biomarkers in ACS and HF, offering a comprehensive overview of their pivotal roles in modern cardiology.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Coronary syndrome; Heart failure; Troponin; Natriuretic peptides

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