Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Ece OCAKa , Gökçen KARTAL ÖZTÜRKa , Figen GÜLENa

aEge University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Diseases, İzmir, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable infectious disease that remains a serious public health problem, mainly due to inadequate diagnosis and treatment. Efforts have focused on discovering new biomarkers with higher efficiency and accuracy for TB diagnosis, derived from an easily accessed sample. Limitations of promising TB biomarker studies in children are lack of validation in different populations, small sample sizes, and typically Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-negative pulmonary TB. WHO recommendations are; Mtb PCR tests (Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, Truenat®) to diagnose active tuberculosis disease (ATB) and artificial-intelligence-based computeraided detection to screen pulmonary TB for all children; and lipoarabinomannan to diagnose ATB and CRP to screen ATB for HIV-positive children. Here we described most of the recent advances in research of biomarkers (Mtb PCR, lipoarabinomannan, Mtb-spesific proteins, cytokine response, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, miRNA, Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) for the diagnosis of ATB, latent tuberculosis infection and treatment response.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; biomarkers; child

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