Classic and New Markers of Inflammation

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Ezgi EKİNCİa , Z. Günnur DİKMENa
aHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara,Türkiye

Ekinci E, Dikmen ZG. Classic and new markers of inflammation. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.18-27.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
In response to inflammation, infection, tissue injury and trauma; a complex acute phase response develops in the body. Cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β are released by macrophages and monocytes, leading to the production or suppression of acute phase proteins by the liver. Substances that increase during inflammation are termed ”positive acute phase reactants” (ESR, CRP, SAA, PCT, Ferritin, Fibrinogen, Haptoglobin) and the ones decrease are termed ”negative acute phase reactants” (Albumin, Prealbumin, Transferrin, Antithrombin). In recent years, novel inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio, Systemic Immune Inflammation Index, Interleukin 6, fecal calprotectin and kynurenine pathway metabolites (quinolinic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid) gained importance as sensitive markers of systemic inflammation. Acute inflammatory response can be controlled by appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment and the body can return to the basal homeostatic set points, otherwise ongoing inflammatory state shifts the system to chronic inflammation.

Keywords: Inflammation; acute-phase reaction; biomarkers

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