ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

MaxillofacialSurgerydakapak

CLINICAL CASE STUDIES AND PRACTICAL EXAMPLES: CASE STUDIES OF 3D PRINTING IN ORALAND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

Ilgın Arı

Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye

Arı I. Clinical Case Studies and Practical Examples: Case Studies of 3D Printing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Karasu HA, ed. Advanced Technologies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.163173.

ABSTRACT

With the advancement of 3D printing technologies, significant innovations have been introduced in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), particularly in trauma, resection and reconstruction, and or thognathic procedures. Traditional surgical planning relied on 2D imaging, plaster models, and manual adaptations, which often led to inaccuracies. However, 3D planning, virtual surgical planning (VSP), and patientspecific implants (PSIs) have improved surgical precision, predictability, and patient out comes.

3D Planning in Facial Trauma: In trauma cases, reducing the time between preoperative evaluation and treatment is crucial. 3Dprinted craniofacial models enable prebending of fixation plates before surgery, improving accuracy. However, challenges such as intraoperative adjustments persist. Recent studies have explored mirroring techniques, where the intact contralateral side is used as a reference to enhance anatomical reconstruction. Additionally, VSP applications allow digital reduction of fractures before surgery. However, the long preoperative preparation time (714 days) remains a limitation, influencing its adoption in acute trauma cases.

3D Planning in Maxillofacial Resection and Reconstruction: Complex pathologies such as oral ma lignancies, TMJ ankylosis, and congenital deformities often require resection and reconstruction. The use of osteotomy guides, prebent plates, and patientspecific implants has enhanced surgical accuracy. Studies comparing bonesupported and toothsupported guides found toothsupported systems more precise, though challenges like imaging artifacts persist. Additionally, 3Dprinted donor site guides have improved graft adaptation, reducing surgical time and postoperative complications.

3D Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: Traditional orthognathic surgery often required manual splinting to guide bone movements. However, PSIs and VSPbased guides have improved accuracy in maxillary and mandibular movements, particularly in Le Fort I osteotomies. Recent studies highlight that PSIs outperform conventional splints in anteroposterior precision, though cost and fabrication time remain challenges. Additionally, custom TMJ prostheses have demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, function, and aesthetics in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR).

Conclusion and Future Prospects: Despite these advancements, high costs, technical complexity, and extended preparation times limit widespread adoption. Future research should focus on cost reduction, streamlined workflows, and AIassisted surgical planning to optimize outcomes and improve acces sibility. Longterm clinical studies are essential to validate the efficacy of 3Dguided approaches and PSIs across various OMFS applications.

Keywords: Traumatology; Orthognathic surgery; Mandibular reconstruction; Printing; Three dimensional

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