Clinical Manifestations of Childhood Tuberculosis

Nilay BAŞ İKİZOĞLUa , Bülent KARADAĞa

aİstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Diseases, İstanbul, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in children. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of childhood TB are different in many aspects from the adults and clinical findings vary by age. TB has several stages including exposure, infection and disease. M. tuberculosis can cause infection almost anywhere in the body but is mainly a disease of the lower respiratory tract. From infancy to age 10 years, age is inversely associated with the risk for developing disease. The cardinal features include cough, persistent fever, unexplained weight loss, and reduced appetite and different age groups may present with different clinical findings. Extrathoracic manifestations involving sites such as lymph nodes, the central nervous system (CNS), abdomen, and bones/joints are more prevalent in children under 5 years of age.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; child; signs and symptoms, respiratory

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