ÇOCUK VE ERGEN PSİKİYATRİSİ ALANINDA YÜRÜTÜCÜ İŞLEVLER, DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU VE OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU
Şermin Yalın Sapmaz1
Özge Gözaçanlar Özkan2
1Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları AD, Manisa, Türkiye
2İzmir Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, İzmir, Türkiye
Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Gözaçanlar Özkan Ö. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Alanında Yürütücü İşlevler, Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu. Aydemir Ö, Esen Danacı A, editörler. Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.189-203.
ÖZET
Yürütücü işlevler, bireylerin dikkatini odaklama, planlama, karar verme, çalışma belleği, ketleme ve bilişsel esneklik gibi kritik bilişsel süreçlerini içerir. Bu işlevler, bireylerin amacına yönelik davranışları gerçekleştirmelerini, davranışlarını düzenleyerek uzun vadeli hedeflere yönlendirmelerini sağlar. Yürütücü işlevler, zihinsel ve fiziksel sağlık, okulda ve hayatta başarı ve bilişsel, sosyal ve psikolojik gelişim için gerekli becerilerdir. Okul öncesi yıllarda yürütücü işlevler, gelecekteki matematik ve okuryazarlık becerileri için önemli bir öngörücüdür. Yürütücü işlevlerin öncülleri yaşamın ilk yılından itibaren mevcuttur ve en önemli gelişim okul öncesi (en çok 4-5 yaşta) ve ergenlik döneminde görülür. Çocuklarda yürütücü işlevlerin değerlendirilmesi, akademik ve sosyal gelişimlerini anlamak için önemlidir. Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylerde yürütücü işlevlerin bozulması, önemli bir sorundur. OSB ve DEHB’de çalışma belleği, ketleme ve bilişsel esneklik gibi yürütücü işlevler etkilenir. Bu bölüm, yürütücü işlevlerin tanımı, çocuklarda yürütücü işlevlerin değerlendirilmesi, önemi ve OSB ve DEHB’de yürütücü işlevlerin durumunu ele alacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yürütücü fonksiyon; Hiperaktivite ile birlikte dikkat eksikliği bozukluğu; Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
Kaynak Göster
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