Çocuk Yanıkları

Dr. Aslı Nur Abay1
Doç. Dr. Sabri Demir2

1Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniği, Çocuk Yanık Merkezi, Ankara, Türkiye
2Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniği, Çocuk Yanık Merkezi, Ankara, Türkiye

ÖZET

Çocuklar, küçük yetişkinler değildir; anatomik, fizyolojik ve davranışsal açıdan yetişkinlerden farklıdırlar. Bu nedenle, çocuk ve yetişkin yanıkları arasında da bazı farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu farklar, pediatrik yanık hastalarının hem akut hem de uzun vadeli bakım süreçlerini daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Çocuklar, daha geniş vücut yüzey alanı-hacim oranı ve ince cilt yapıları nedeniyle derin yanıklara ve sıvı kaybına karşı daha savunmasızdır, bu da hızlı ve doğru resüsitasyonu hayati kılar. Epidemiyolojik olarak da çocuklarda en sık sıcak sıvılar ile haşlanma yanıkları görülürken yetişkinlerde alev yanıkları daha fazla görülmektedir. Ayrıca yaş, yanıklarda mortaliteyi belirleyen faktörlerden biri olup, küçük yaşlarda mortalite daha yüksektir.

Bu bölümde, çocuklar ve yetişkinler arasındaki yanık fizyolojisindeki temel farklar, özellikle sıvı resüsitasyonu, hava yolu yönetimi ve pediatrik ihtiyaçlara göre uyarlanmış yara bakımı stratejileri ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuklar; Yanıklar; Toplam yanık yüzey alanı; Galveston formülü; Lund-Browder şeması

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