Complications of Knee Region Fractures

İzzet Özay SUBAŞIa, Güzelali ÖZDEMİRb

aErzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erzincan, Türkiye
bAnkara Bilkent City Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Pediatric knee region fractures are frequently encountered, and their diagnosis and treatment pose challenges that may result in significant problems. The consequences, including compartment syndrome, neurovascular injuries, and joint stiffness, are comparable to those observed in adults. However, it is essential to note that particular factors peculiar to the pediatric age group, such as growth arrest, can also give rise to these difficulties. A comprehensive comprehension of the evolutionary progression of the anatomical structures surrounding the knee joint and the introduction of suitable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is important in effectively managing fractures in this region. Comprehending the developmental stages of the pediatric knee region is crucial in mitigating potential complications.
Keywords: Complications; knee injuries; child

Referanslar

  1. Young EY, Stans AA. Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(6):486-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  2. Peterson CA, Peterson HA. Analysis of the incidence of injuries to the epiphyseal growth plate. J Trauma. 1972;12(4):275-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  3. Riccio AI, Wilson PL, Wimberly RL. Lower extremity injuries. In: Herring JA, ed. Tachdjian's Pediatric Orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, WB; 2014. p.1414-8.
  4. Eid AM, Hafez MA. Traumatic injuries of the distal femoral physis. Retrospective study on 151 cases. Injury. 2002;33(3):251-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  5. Arkader A, Warner WC Jr, Horn BD, Shaw RN, Wells L. Predicting the outcome of physeal fractures of the distal femur. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27(6):703-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  6. Price CT, Herrera-Soto J. Extra-articular injuries of the knee. In: Beaty JH, Kasser JR, eds. Rockwood and Wilkins' Fractures in Children 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p.842-86.
  7. Adams AJ, Mahmoud MAH, Wells L, Flynn JM, Arkader A. Physeal fractures of the distal femur: does a lower threshold for surgery lead to better outcomes? J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020;29(1):40-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Duffy S, Gelfer Y, Trompeter A, Clarke A, Monsell F. The clinical features, management options and complications of paediatric femoral fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021;31(5):883-92. Erratum in: Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  9. Basener CJ, Mehlman CT, DiPasquale TG. Growth disturbance after distal femoral growth plate fractures in children: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(9):663-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  10. Little RM, Milewski MD. Physeal fractures about the knee. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2016;9(4):478-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  11. Garrett BR, Hoffman EB, Carrara H. The effect of percutaneous pin fixation in the treatment of distal femoral physeal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(5):689-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  12. Thomson JD, Stricker SJ, Williams MM. Fractures of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15(4):474-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  13. Segal LS, Shrader MW. Periosteal entrapment in distal femoral physeal fractures: harbinger for premature physeal arrest ? Acta Orthop Belg. 2011;77(5):684-90.
  14. Khoshhal KI, Kiefer GN. Physeal bridge resection. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005;13(1):47-58. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  15. Haber DB, Tepolt FA, McClincy MP, Hussain ZB, Kalish LA, Kocher MS. Tibial tubercle fractures in children and adolescents: a large retrospective case series. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2021;30(1):13-18. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  16. Pretell-Mazzini J, Kelly DM, Sawyer JR, Esteban EM, Spence DD, Warner WC Jr, et al. Outcomes and Complications of Tibial Tubercle Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Orthop. 2016;36(5):440-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  17. Reyes CD, Wu W, Pandya NK. Adolescent Tibial Tubercle Fracture: Review of Outcomes and Complications. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2023;16(9):392-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  18. Frey S, Hosalkar H, Cameron DB, Heath A, David Horn B, Ganley TJ. Tibial tuberosity fractures in adolescents. J Child Orthop. 2008;2(6):469-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  19. Arkader A, Schur M, Refakis C, Capraro A, Woon R, Choi P. Unicortical Fixation is Sufficient for Surgical Treatment of Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures in Children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019;39(1):e18-e22. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  20. Ogden JA, Tross RB, Murphy MJ. Fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(2):205-15. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Vander Have KL, Ganley TJ, Kocher MS, Price CT, Herrera-Soto JA. Arthrofibrosis after surgical fixation of tibial eminence fractures in children and adolescents. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(2):298-301. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Parikh SN, Myer D, Eismann EA. Prevention of arthrofibrosis after arthroscopic screw fixation of tibial spine fracture in children and adolescents. Orthopedics. 2014;37(1):e58-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  23. Pace JL, Nasreddine AY, Simoni M, Zurakowski D, Kocher MS. Dynamic Splinting in Children and Adolescents With Stiffness After Knee Surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(1):38-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Gans I, Baldwin KD, Ganley TJ. Treatment and Management Outcomes of Tibial Eminence Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(7):1743-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Mitchell JJ, Mayo MH, Axibal DP, Kasch AR, Fader RR, Chadayammuri V, et al. Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young Patients With Previous Anterior Tibial Spine Fractures. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):2047-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  26. Kushare I, Lee RJ, Ellis HB, Fabricant PD, Ganley TJ, Green DW, et al. Tibial spine fracture management-technical tips and tricks from the Tibial Spine Fracture Research Interest Group. J POSNA. 2020;2(1):9. [Crossref]
  27. Ray JM, Hendrix J. Incidence, mechanism of injury, and treatment of fractures of the patella in children. J Trauma. 1992;32(4):464-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Hunt DM, Somashekar N. A review of sleeve fractures of the patella in children. Knee. 2005;12(1):3-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]