Congenital Anomalies of the Eyeball

oftalmoloji-17-2-kapak-wosonayiyok

Sedat AVAa , Leyla HAZARa , Uğur KEKLİKÇİa

aDicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Many environmental and genetic factors play a role in the organogenesis phase of eyeball development. These factors can cause the eyeball to stop developing (anophthalmia) or deteriorate (microphthalmia or coloboma). An anomaly of eyeball development can be unilateral or bilateral. There is no gender or racial preference. In unilateral cases, the other eye should also be examined. Many systemic anomalies may be seen with eyeball development and may be part of syndromes such as CHARGE syndrome. Therefore, audiological examination, genetic analysis, brain magnetic resonance imaging, abdominal ultrasonography should be ordered and a multidisciplinary approach should be taken. Examination should be performed in the first 2 weeks after birth and treatment should be started. Treatment should be individualised. In anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia, socket surgery, endo orbital volume expanders, fat tissue replacement should be considered. If vision is present, visual acuity should be maximized.
Keywords: Eyeball; anomaly; microphthalmia; coloboma; anophthalmia

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