Congenital Anomalies of the Lacrimal System

oftalmoloji-17-2-kapak-wosonayiyok

Veysi YILDIZa , Muhammed BATURa

aVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Van, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is the most common lacrimal system anomaly in the childhood age group. Typically, the most common finding is epiphora. CNLDO can sometimes present as acute dacryocystitis, dacryocystocele, preseptal or orbital cellulitis. The firstline surgical treatment for CNLDO that does not regress with conservative treatment is probing. The timing of surgical treatment is controversial. Congenital dacryocystocele (dacryocele), although it is seen on average 7 days after birth, it can also be present during birth. In dacryocele, there is obstruction in both the Hasner valve and the common canaliculus or Rosenmuller valve. This condition causes cystic dilatation in the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. The common view in the treatment of dacryocele is early probing. Congenital lacrimal fistula, congenital alacrima, punctal agenesis, incomplete punctal canalization and canalicular dysgenesis are also among the congenital lacrimal system anomalies.
Keywords: Congenital disorders; nasolacrimal duct; lacrimal duct obstruction

Referanslar

  1. Holds JB, Chang WJ, Durairaj VD, et al. Development, anatomy, and physiology of the lacrimal secretory and drainage systems and abnormalities of the lacrimal secretory and drainage systems. In: Skuta GL, Cantor LB, Weiss JS, eds. Basic and clinical science course (BCSC) Section 7: orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal system. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO); 2012. p.243-78.
  2. KENDIG EL Jr, GUERRY D 3rd. The incidence of congenital impotency of the nasolacrimal duct. J Pediatr. 1950;36(2):212. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  3. GUERRY D 3rd, KENDIG EL Jr. Congenital impatency of the nasolacrimal duct. Arch Ophthal. 1948;39(2):193-204. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  4. CASSADY JV. Developmental anatomy of nasolacrimal duct. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1952;47(2):141-58. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  5. Lorena SH, Silva JA, Scarpi MJ. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in premature children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50(4):239-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  6. Olitsky SE. Update on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2014;54(3):1-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  7. Ali MJ. The lacrimal system. In: Lyons CJ, Lambert SR eds. Taylor and Hoyt's Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2023. p.210-8.
  8. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with nonsurgical management. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(6):730-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  9. MacEwen CJ, Young JD. Epiphora during the first year of life. Eye (Lond). 1991;5(Pt 5):596-600. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  10. Çağlar Ç, Batur M, Yaşar T, Çınal A. The outcomes of lacrimal massage or probing treatments at early and late ages for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Türk Pediatri Arsivi. 2010;45(4):359-65. [Crossref]
  11. Ali MJ. Disorders of the upper lacrimal system. Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p.103-16. [Crossref]
  12. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial comparing the cost-effectiveness of 2 approaches for treating unilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(12):1525-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  13. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Repka MX, Chandler DL, Bremer DL, Collins ML, Lee DH. Repeat probing for treatment of persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS. 2009;13(3):306-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  14. Repka MX, Chandler DL, Holmes JM, Hoover DL, Morse CL, Schloff S, et al.; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Balloon catheter dilation and nasolacrimal duct intubation for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed probing. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(5):633-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  15. Ali MJ, Psaltis AJ, Brunworth J, Naik MN, Wormald PJ. Congenital dacryocele with large intranasal cyst: efficacy of cruciate marsupialization, adjunctive procedures, and outcomes. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;30(4):346-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  16. Matta NS, Silbert DI. High prevalence of amblyopia risk factors in preverbal children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS. 2011;15(4):350-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  17. Hareendran H, Allapitchai F, Ravindran M, Shukul K, Rengappa R. Anisometropia and refractive status in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction-a prospective observational study. J AAPOS. 2022;26(2):76.e1-76.e4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  18. Singh S, Ali MJ. Congenital Dacryocystocele: A Major Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):309-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. Shekunov J, Griepentrog GJ, Diehl NN, Mohney BG. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of congenital dacryocystocele. J AAPOS. 2010;14(5):417-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  20. George JC, Martin JS, Stiff HA. Importance of Bilateral Visualization in Congenital Dacryocystocele. Ophthalmology. 2023;130(11):1137. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Paysse EA, Coats DK, Bernstein JM, Go C, de Jong AL. Management and complications of congenital dacryocele with concurrent intranasal mucocele. J AAPOS. 2000;4(1):46-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Mimura M, Ueki M, Oku H, Sato B, Ikeda T. Process of spontaneous resolution in the conservative management of congenital dacryocystocele. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:465-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  23. Lee MJ, Park J, Kim N, Choung HK, Khwarg SI. Conservative management of congenital dacryocystocele: resolution and complications. Can J Ophthalmol. 2019;54(4):421-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Wong RK, VanderVeen DK. Presentation and management of congenital dacryocystocele. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):e1108-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Davies R, Watkins WJ, Kotecha S, Watts P. The presentation, clinical features, complications, and treatment of congenital dacryocystocele. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(3):522-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  26. François J, Bacskulin J. External congenital fistulae of the lacrimal sac. Ophthalmologica. 1969;159(4):249-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  27. Chaung JQ, Sundar G, Ali MJ. Congenital lacrimal fistula: A major review. Orbit. 2016;35(4):212-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Caputo AR, Smith NH, Cinotti AA, Angiuoli D. Definitive treatment of congenital larcrimal sac fistula. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96(8):1443-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  29. Adams J, Schaaf CP. Diagnosis and genetics of alacrima. Clin Genet. 2018;94(1):54-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  30. Lyons CJ, Rosser PM, Welham RA. The management of punctal agenesis. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(12):1851-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  31. Yuen SJ, Oley C, Sullivan TJ. Lacrimal outflow dysgenesis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(9):1782-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  32. Dohlman JC, Habib LA, Freitag SK. Punctal agenesis: Embryology, presentation, management modalities and outcomes. Ann Anat. 2019;224:113-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  33. Lee MJ, Jin HC, Lee S, Choi YJ, Kim N, Choung HK, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with congenital membranous punctal obstruction. J AAPOS. 2014;18(2):159-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  34. Ali MJ, Mohapatra S, Mulay K, Naik MN, Honavar SG. Incomplete punctal canalisation: the external and internal punctal membranes. Outcomes of membranotomy and adjunctive procedures. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(1):92-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  35. Ali MJ, Naik MN. Canalicular wall dysgenesis: the clinical profile of canalicular hypoplasia and aplasia, associated systemic and lacrimal anomalies, and clinical implications. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29(6):464-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]