Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Havva İpek DEMİRa , Deniz DOĞRU ERSÖZa

aHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Diseases, Ankara, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is a global public health problem that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is the second most common cause of death from an infectious disease. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can be defined as asymptomatic mycobacteria infection. Children diagnosed as LTBI have a reactive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay tests (IGRA), normal chest radiograph, no clinical evidence of tuberculosis disease. But LTBI can reactivate active disease. The most important step for preventing the development of active tuberculosis infection is the recognition and treatment of LTBI. LTBI should be treated especially infants and children less than 5 years of age are immunologically immature, so risk for progression to disease is high, including meningitis and disseminated disease. Also children with LTBI have more years at risk for the development of disease later in life and children with LTBI will become adults who may transmit organisms if they develop disease. Anti tuberculosis drugs are used for the treatment of LTBI and for prevention the development of active tuberculosis disease.
Keywords: Latent tuberculosis infection; tuberculin skin test; interferon gamma release assay tests

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