Dermatologic Emergencies

dermatology-emergencieskapak-1-0-25

DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) Syndrome

Mehmet GÜLLÜOĞLU
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ankara, Türkiye

Güllüoğlu M. DRESS (Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome. In: Oğuztürk H, Görmeli Kurt N, eds. Dermatologic Emergencies. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.49-51.

ABSTRACT

DRESS syndrome, or Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, is a rare but potentially life-threatening drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction. Its incidence ranges from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 individuals, with symptoms typically appearing 2-7 weeks after drug exposure. Common culprits include anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and other medications. The pathogenesis involves immune dysregulation, genetic predispositions, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, often triggered by cytochrome P450 system metabolites. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, such as fever, rash, organ in- volvement, and hematologic abnormalities, often evaluated using the RegiSCAR scoring system. Management focuses on discontinuing the offending drug, supportive care, and corticosteroids or cyclosporine for severe cases. Despite a 10% adult mortality rate, children fare better with prompt treatment.

Keywords: Eosinophilia; drug hypersensitivity syndrome; drug eruptions

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