HEMORRHOID DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT AND COMPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Hemorrhoidal_Disease_Bahadir_Egekapak

EMERGENCY SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN HEMORRHOIDAL DISEASE

Nurhilal Kızıltoprak

İstanbul Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, İstanbul, Türkiye

Kızıltoprak N. Emergency Surgical Conditions in Hemorrhoidal Disease. In: Ege B, editor. Hemorrhoidal Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Complication Management. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.97-104.

ABSTRACT

In this chapter we will examine haemorrhoid-related disorders that present with some alarming symptoms such as acute anal pain and bleeding that may require emergency treatment. We will discuss acute thrombosed, strangulated and bleeding haemorrhoids. Although these conditions are often not life-threatening, they can be challenging for clinicians to treat. Severe anal pain is the most common symptom associated with acute thrombosed external haemorrhoids; internal anal sphincter hypertonicity both causes and is caused by this excruciating pain. Thrombosed prolapsed haemorrhoids, also known as strangulated haemorrhoids, represent an acute condition requiring immediate medical attention. This condition is characterised by sudden onset of severe pain and protrusion of haemorrhoidal tissues that can no longer be manually reduced. Haemorrhoidal bleeding is typically characterised by painless passage of bright red blood during bowel movements, with or without prolapsed haemorrhoids. The blood may be visible on toilet paper after cleansing or drip into the toilet bowl. The management of bleeding haemorrhoids depends on the degree of bleeding, the extent of haemorrhoids, the patient’s comorbidities and the patient’s preference.

Keywords: Hemorrhoids; Anus diseases; Thrombosis; Necrosis; Hemorrhage

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