Genitourinary Cancers

Assist. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Furkan ÖZTÜRK

Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Türkiye Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Türkiye

ABSTRACT

Genitourinary cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide, have a significant place in cancer deaths, and constitute a serious epidemiological problem worldwide. All treatment processes, including the prevention of diseases that concern the masses, attract the attention of medicine and pharmaceutical com- panies.According to the data, which includes many case series in prostate cancer and is supported by me- ta-analyses, lycopene, an important antioxidant, is thought to have a significant effect in preventing prostate cancer and increasing the success of treatment. Vitamin E, Selenium and Zinc are also among the researched substances, but no clear data has been revealed in case series for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.Vitamin D is one of the most researched micronutrients in bladder cancer, and there is conflicting in- formation in the literature about whether it both increases and decreases the risk. However, it is thought that high vitamin D levels, especially in the smoker subgroup, may reduce the risk of developing bladder cancer. Selenium is a mineral that has been investigated in bladder cancer, and while most meta-analyses have not revealed a clear benefit, some meta-analyses have shown that it may have a protective effect, especially in women, and in some meta-analyses found in men. Like selenium, other micronutrients such as zinc and cop- per have also been investigated in bladder cancer, but no clear benefit has been demonstrated. In renal cell carcinomas (RCC), an inverse relationship between vitamin A levels, which are powerful antioxidants, and RCC development has been shown in case series; while a meta-analysis conducted with vitamin E suggests that in- creased levels of vitamin E in the blood may protect against RCC development. In conclusion, the relationship between nutrition, micronutrients, and cancer is a very popular topic, and it is very important to support our data with randomized studies so that these products can be included in routine recommendations.

keywords: Micronutrients; Prostatic neoplasms; Urogenital neoplasms; Urinary bladder neoplasms; Kidney neoplasms

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