HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME
Canan Çam Gönen
Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Intensive Care, Ankara, Türkiye
Çam Gönen C. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome. In: Turan S, editor. Hard Decisions in Intensive Care Unit. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.133-138.
ABSTRACT
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a vascular complication of liver disease characterized by abnor- mal dilation of blood vessels in the lungs, leading to impaired oxygen exchange. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances, resulting in intrapulmonary vas- cular dilatation and shunting. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical findings, arterial blood gas analysis, and contrast-enhanced echocardiography, which identifies intrapulmonary shunts. Epidemio- logically, HPS is found in 4-32% of adults with cirrhosis and 9-20% of children with liver disease. The main therapeutic approach for HPS is liver transplantation, which is often the only effective treatment to reverse its progression. Other treatment options are mostly palliative and used for symptom man- agement. The prognosis for HPS patients is significantly improved with liver transplantation, but the condition is associated with increased mortality in transplant candidates. Overall, early diagnosis and effective intervention, such as liver transplantation, are critical to improve outcomes for individuals with HPS.
Keywords: Hepatopulmonary syndrome; Intrapulmonary vascular dilatation; Liver transplantation
Kaynak Göster
Referanslar
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