How Preventable are Gliomas? Latest Concerns in Glioma Epidemiology

Murat ZAİMOĞLUa , Gökmen KAHİLOĞULLARIa

aAnkara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Türkiye

Zaimoğlu M, Kahiloğulları G. How preventable are gliomas? Latest concerns in glioma epi- demiology. In: Uğur HÇ, Bayatlı E, eds. Glial- Tumours: Expectations from Today-Promises of the Future. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.1-5.

ABSTRACT

Gliomas, a diverse group of brain tumors, pose considerable challenges due to their het- erogeneity, infiltrative behavior, and resistance to treatment, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) rep- resenting the most aggressive subtype. This comprehensive review explores key aspects of glioma management, integrating insights from epidemiology, neurosurgery, molecular biology, and oncology. Genetic predisposition, environmental risk factors, and lifestyle choices, including diet, stress manage- ment, and radiation exposure, play a critical role in glioma development, highlighting the importance of personalized preventive strategies. Recent advancements in neurosurgical techniques, such as intraop- erative MRI guidance and fluorescence-guided surgery, have significantly improved tumor resection precision, enhancing patient outcomes. Meanwhile, molecular profiling has enabled the identification of key genetic alterations, such as IDH and TERT mutations, facilitating the development of targeted ther- apies. However, tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms continue to impede long-term success. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain cornerstones of glioma treatment, though they come with considerable long-term effects, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment plans and comprehensive supportive care. Clinical guidelines now integrate molecular markers for precise diagnosis and thera- peutic decisions, yet disparities in access to advanced treatments and variations in clinical practice remain challenges. Emerging therapies, such as focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening and tar- geted DNA repair inhibitors, offer promising avenues for future treatment. Addressing the complex chal- lenges of glioma management necessitates a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach, combining advances in surgery, targeted therapies, and supportive care. Collaborative research, clinical trials, and innovations in personalized medicine hold the potential to improve survival rates and enhance the qual- ity of life for glioma patients and their families.

Keywords: Glioma; preventation; epidemiology; oncology; neurosurgery

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