Hypernatremia

Songül ARAÇa , Remzi ÇETİNKAYAa

aUniversity of Health Sciences Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Hypernatremia is a fluid-electrolyte disorder that is generally seen in the elderly population and has high mortality and morbidity rates. Especially patients in need of elderly care are at risk. In this article, the etiological factors leading to hyponatremia, current diagnosis and treatment methods will be summarized.
Keywords: Hypernatremia; emergency service; dehydration; fluid-electrolyte balance

Referanslar

  1. Eren Z. Sodyum Dengesi Bozuklukları: Hiponatremi-Hipernatremi. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2018;12(1):18-30.
  2. Lien YH, Shapiro JI, Chan L. Effects of hypernatremia on organic brain osmoles. J Clin Invest. 1990;85(5):1427-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  3. Shamsuddin AK, Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Nomura C, Kondo N. Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;94(3):292-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  4. Gault MH, Dixon ME, Doyle M, Cohen WM. Hypernatremia, azotemia, and dehydration ue to high-protein tube feeding. Ann Intern Med. 1968;68(4):778-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  5. Diederich S, Eckmanns T, Exner P, Al-Saadi N, Bähr V, Oelkers W. Differential diagnosis of polyuric/polydipsic syndromes with the aid of urinary vasopressin measurement in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001;54(5):665-71. Erratum in: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;55(4):563. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  6. Rose B, Theodore P. Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders (clinical physiology of acid base & electrolyte disorders). 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2001.
  7. Alshayeb HM, Showkat A, Babar F, Mangold T, Wall BM. Severe hypernatremia correction rate and mortality in hospitalized patients. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341(5):356-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Berl T, Schrier RW. Su metabolizma bozuklukları. Süleymanlar G, çeviri editöri. Böbrek ve elektrolit hastalıkları. 6. Baskı. Güneş Kitabevi; 2005. p.1-63.
  9. Rodríguez-Velver KV, Soto-Garcia AJ, Zapata-Rivera MA, Montes-Villarreal J, Villarreal-Pérez JZ, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R. Osmotic demyelination syndrome as the initial manifestation of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2014;2014:652523. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  10. Christ-Crain M, Bichet DG, Fenske WK, Goldman MB, Rittig S, Verbalis JG, et al. Diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):54. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  11. Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos C, Ing TS, Raj DS, Malhotra D, Agaba EI, et al. Hypertonicity: Clinical entities, manifestations and treatment. World J Nephrol. 2017;6(1):1-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  12. Makaryus AN, McFarlane SI. Diabetes insipidus: diagnosis and treatment of a complex disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006;73(1):65-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  13. Pazmiño PA, Pazmiño BP. Treatment of acute hypernatremia with hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol. 1993;13(4):260-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]