CORONARY VENOUS SYSTEM DISEASES

Coronary_Venous_System_Diseases

IMAGING OF THECORONARY VENOUS SYSTEM

Krasimira Hristova1,2

1Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Noninvasive Imaging, Sofia, Bulgaria
2Sofia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Sofia, Bulgaria

Hristova K. Imaging of the Coronary Venous System. In: Altay S, Akşit E, Kemaloğlu Öz T editor. Coronary Venous System Diseases. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.55-62.

ABSTRACT

Demonstrating cardiac venous anatomy serves as a valid basis for non-invasive evaluations using var- ious imaging techniques. Recent studies have emphasised the role of cardiovascular magnetic res- onance (CMR) angiography in visualising coronary venous anatomy, whereas earlier investigations mainly relied on echocardiography as an initial imaging method. Additionally, those earlier studies did not employ non-standard intravascular contrast agents, which are essential for providing further insights for lead placement in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). In the next decades, the ability to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of three-dimensional whole heart acquisition for visualising cardiac venous structures is significant. This evaluation was integrated into a comprehensive CMR protocol that included scans of myocardial function and viability, using a standard extracellular con- trast agent. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the cardiac venous system’s potential to serve as a pathway for bypassing coronary artery stenosis and for delivering stem cells to damaged myocardium. Within the field of electrophysiology, the cardiac venous system has continually been of strategic importance.

Keywords: Coronary venous anatomy; Imaging; Echocardiography; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

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