Inflammation and Carcinogenesis

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Selman SÖKMENa , Berke MANOĞLUa
aDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, İzmir, Türkiye

Sökmen S, Manoğlu B. Inflammation and carcinogenesis. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.106-22.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
Cancer is not one disease. Recent findings suggest that polarized inflammation plays different roles during tumor development and progression. The complexity of its origins, cellular behaviours, and molecular features thwarted researchers’ efforts to grasp its multifaceted biology. The complexity in cancer lies not only in its genetics, but also in its versatile responses to an environment in which it has to compete to survive and thrive. It has been difficult to directly ask how they acquire and utilize nutrients in vivo. Advances in clinical imaging show us how tumors adjust their metabolic profiles to adapt to local conditions, even exhibiting heterogeneity within the same tumor mass. There is an active and dynamic communication between a tumor and the surrounding microenvironment, including the local immune components. Probing this interplay led to the identification of checkpoint blockade approaches that are generating excitement in the clinic. Further searching out the layered functional interactions between cancer cells and the immune system may open up new access points that could be targeted. Genomics, metabolism, and microenvironment-are only three examples of how our growing capacity to measure, analyze, and capitalize on the complexity inherent to cancer appears to be turning the achievements to scientists’ advantage. With increased understanding of the specific mechanisms that regulate cancer-associated inflammation, there will be further opportunities to alter the course of cancer with selective and targeted anti-inflammatory treatment. The ability to map out the complexities of not only the tumor itself but also the environment it resides in is expanding the scope of translational research and drug development from a tumor-centric targeted view to a system-wide perspective that takes into account dynamic host response and tumor microenvironment communication.

Keywords: Inflammation; carcinogenesis; DNA damage; tumor microenvironment; inflammatory mediators

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