Inflammation and Immunity

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Haluk Barbaros ORALa
aBursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Bursa, Türkiye

Oral HB. Inflammation and immunity. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.66-72.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
Inflammation is not a singular phenomenon, but rather a combination of a wide variety of immune responses to a particular stimulus (such as pathogens, tissue damage). The inflammation process begins with the recognition of pathogens, tissue damage and foreign substances to the host by the cells of the innate immune system through pattern-recognizing receptors (PRR). As a result, various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are produced and released to perform the effector functions of inflammation. Blood-borne neutrophils and monocytes migrate to the scene by extravasation with the activation of endothelium and the effect of chemokines. Neutrophils release toxic compounds such as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and various proteases, which have the potential to harm both the pathogen and the host. At this stage, macrophages and dendritic cells process antigens and present to T cells. The innate immune response and the characteristic of the resulting inflammation are factors that determine which direction the adaptive immune response will polarize. Resolution of inflammation is accomplished by promoting the conversion of leukotrienes produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and other cells into lipoxins, which initiates the cessation of inflammation.

Keywords: Inflammation; immunity; inflammasome; PAMP; DAMP

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