Inflammation and Microbiota

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Özge Kamer KARALAR PEKUZa , Nur ARSLANa
aDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, İzmir, Türkiye

Karalar Pekuz ÖK, Arslan N. Inflammation and microbiota. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.73-9.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem in the host body. It lives in balance with its host. The peaceful coexistence of trillions of microorganisms in the human body is called symbiosis. Symbiosis is necessary for the host to live a healthy life. The intestinal barrier is a complex formation that separates the external environment from the sterile body environment. The structure and function of the intestinal barrier and the role of healthy microbiota in the protection of the intestinal barrier, as well as its effect on the local and systemic immune system, are important for understanding the relationship between inflammation and microbiota. Dysbiosis is defined as the disruption of the intestinal microbial ecosystem; the decrease in diversity of microbiota; the decline of some species and the dominance of the others. Dysbiosis leads to effects such as disruption of the energy balance in the body and triggering inflammation, which are associated with many diseases in humans. It has been shown that there are mechanistic relationships between intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation-induced obesity, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders. The integrity of the intestinal barrier, diversities in microbial species, and the presence of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine oxide and indole derivatives of tryptophan are significant in the pathogenesis of all these diseases.

Keywords: Intestinal microbiota; immune system; short chain fatty acids; mucus layer; atherosclerosis; arthritis

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