Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Haluk CİNAKLIa , Servet AKARb
aKırklareli Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Rheumatology, Kırklareli, Türkiye
bİzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, İzmir, Türkiye

Cinaklı H, Akar S. Inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.139-45.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic and autoimmune disease. RA usually affects peripheral small joints symmetrically. It affects approximately 1% of population, and generally women are two to three times more likely to develop RA than men. Although its etiology is not clear, it results from interaction between genes and enviroment, which leads to breakdown of immune system, synovial inflammation, progressive cartilage and bone destruction. In preclinical RA period, RA associated antibodies such as rheumatoid factors (RFs), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and multiple inflammatory cytokines can be increased in the peripheral blood before the clinical arthritis. There are major genetic associations with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, for example several alleles of HLA-DRB1 are releated with high risk for antibody positive RA. In addition, epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation, histone modification affect the characteristic and function of the genes. On the other hand, application of cellular profiling techniques including singlecell transcriptomic and spatial transcriptomics has revealed new pathogenic cell types in RA synovial tissues. Finally, we discussed advances in genetics, epigenetics and novel biomarkers in the pathogenesis of RA.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; inflammation; epigenetic

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