PERSPECTIVES ON DIGITAL DENTISTRY

digital_dentistryesra_kulkapak

INTRAORAL SCANNING SYSTEMS

Ömer Sağsöz

Atatürk University, Faculty Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erzurum, Türkiye

Sağsöz Ö. Intraoral Scanning Systems. In: Kul E, editor. Perspectives on Digital Dentistry. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.155167.

ABSTRACT

Rapid advancements in digital dentistry have revolutionized clinical workflows, with intraoral scan ning systems emerging as a transformative technology. These devices provide accurate, efficient, and patientfriendly alternatives to traditional impression techniques. Intraoral scanners (IOS) utilize ad vanced optical technologies, such as triangulation, confocal imaging, and structured light scanning, to generate highresolution threedimensional (3D) digital impressions of the oral cavity. Their appli cations span various dental disciplines, including restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, and maxillofacial prosthetics. IOS enhance treatment precision by improving marginal fit and occlusal accuracy, while enabling seamless integration with computeraided design/comput eraided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems for sameday restorations. This chapter explores the evolution, technological advancements, clinical applications, and limitations of IOS, with a focus on five leading systems: iTero Element 5D Plus, TRIOS 5 (3Shape), Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramics (CEREC) Primescan, Medit i700 Wireless, and Planmeca Emerald S. While these scanners offer unparalleled efficiency, improved workflow integration, and enhanced patient comfort, challenges such as high initial costs, a learning curve, and accuracy limitations in complex cases per sist. Future developments, including artificial intelligence integration and enhanced interoperability, are expected to further optimize the performance and usability of IOS, solidifying their role in modern dental practice.

Keywords: Digital image processing; Dental instruments; Dental impression techniques; Computerassisted threedimensional imaging; Dental prosthesis; Dental implants; Optical imaging

Referanslar

  1. Dimova-Gabrovska M, Stamenova M, Shopova D, Yankova M. The modern digital intraoral scanning systems: a review. Acta Med Bulg. 2024;51(2):58-64. [Crossref]
  2. Ochoa-López G, Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M. Impact of color temperature and illuminance of ambient light conditions on the accuracy of complete-arch digital implant scans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2024;35(8):898-905. clr.14220 [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  3. Ahlholm P, Sipilä K, Vallittu P, Jakonen M, Kotiranta U. Digital versus conventional impressions in fixed prosthodontics: A review. J Prosthodont. 2018;27(1):35-41. jopr.12527 [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  4. Papadiochou S, Pissiotis AL. Marginal adaptation and CAD-CAM technology: A systematic review of restorative material and fabrication techniques. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(4):545-551. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  5. Ender A, Mehl A. Accuracy of complete-arch dental impressions: A new method of measuring trueness and precision. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109(2):121-128. S0022-3913(13)60028-1 [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  6. Mangano F, Gandolfi A, Luongo G, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: A review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):149. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  7. Renne W, McGill ST, Forshee KV, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of 7 digital scanners: An in vitro analysis based on 3D comparisons. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;118(1):36-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Duret F, Blouin JL, Duret B. CAD-CAM in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988;117(6):715-720. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  9. Mörmann WH, Brandestini M. The fundamental inventive principles of CEREC CAD/CAM. In: Mörmann WH, ed. State of the Art of CAD/CAM Restorations: 20 Years of CEREC. Quintessence; 2006:1-8. fulldisplay?docid=alma9912823023406676&context= L&vid=01NLM_INST:01NLM_INST&lang=en&search_ [Link]
  10. Mörmann WH. The origin of the CEREC method: A personal review of the first 5 years. Int J Comput Dent. 2004;7(1):11-24. [PubMed]
  11. Mörmann WH, Krejci I. Computer-designed inlays after 5 years in situ: Clinical performance and scanning electron microscopic evaluation. Quintessence Int. 1992;23:109-115. [PubMed]
  12. Ruthwal Y, Parmar S, Abrol S, Nagpal A, Gupta R. Digital impressions: A new era in prosthodontics. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2017;16(6):82-84. 317571849_Digital_Impressions_A_New_Era_in_ Prosthodontics [Crossref]
  13. Mörmann WH. The evolution of the CEREC system. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137(Suppl 1):7S-13S. jada.archive.2006.0402 [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  14. Patel C, Barot GN, Patel MC, Nath KJ, Patel SP, Patel DK. Accuracy and comfort in digital and conventional impression in pediatric dental patients: A randomized comparative study. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e76882. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  15. Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mörmann WH, Reich S. Intraoral scanning systems: A current overview. Int J Comput Dent. 2015;18(2):101-129. [PubMed]
  16. Al-Khalifa KS, Ahmed WM, Azhari AA, et al. The use of artificial intelligence in caries detection: A review. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024;11(9):936. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  17. Logozzo S, Zanetti EM, Franceschini G, Kilpelä A, Mäkynen A. Recent advances in dental optics- Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry. Opt Laser Eng. 2014;54:203-221. scanners_for_restorative_dentistry [Crossref]
  18. Kihara H, Hatakeyama W, Komine F, et al. Accuracy and practicality of intraoral scanner in dentistry: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64(2):109-113. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. Altschuler BR. Applications of interferometry and optical metrology in dentistry. In: Applications of Optics in Medicine and Biology. Vol89. SPIE; 1977:40-46. [Crossref]
  20. Suese K. Progress in digital dentistry: The practical use of intraoral scanners. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(1):52-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55(3):559-570. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Joda T, Gallucci GO, Wismeijer D, Zitzmann NU. Augmented and virtual reality in dental medicine: A systematic review. Comput Biol Med. 2019;108:93-100. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  23. Abduo J, Elseyoufi M. Accuracy of intraoral scanners: A systematic review of influencing factors. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2018;26(3):101-121. EJPRD_01752Abduo21 [PubMed]
  24. Dhull KS, Nagar R, Mathur P, et al. Intraoral scanners: Mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations. J Pharm Bioall Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 3):S1929-S1931. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  25. Coachman C, Blatz MB, Bohner L, Sesma N. Dental software classification and dento-facial interdisciplinary planning platform. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(1):99-106. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  26. Komuro A, Yamada Y, Uesugi S, et al. Accuracy and dimensional reproducibility by model scanning, intraoral scanning, and CBCT imaging for digital implant dentistry. Int J Implant Dent. 2021;7:1-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  27. Deeb GR, Tran DQ, Deeb JG. Computer-aided planning and placement in implant surgery. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2020;28(2):53-58. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Papaspyridakos P, De Souza A, Bathija A, Kang K, Chochlidakis K. Complete digital workflow for mandibular fullarch implant rehabilitation in 3 appointments. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(6):548-552. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  29. Grünheid T, McCarthy SD, Larson BE. Clinical use of a direct chairside oral scanner: An assessment of accuracy, time, and patient acceptance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146(5):673-682. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  30. Bahammam HA. Conventional vs digital impression: Comfort level, preferences, and acceptance of treatment time among orthodontic patients. Open Dent J. 2022;16(1). [Crossref]
  31. Kravitz ND, Groth C, Jones PE, Graham JW, Redmond WR. Intraoral digital scanners. J Clin Orthod. 2014;48(6):337-347. [PubMed]
  32. Passos L, Soares FP, Choi IGG, Cortes ARG. Full digital workflow for crown lengthening by using a single surgical guide. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(3):257-261. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  33. Patel C, Barot GN, Patel MC, Nath KJ, Patel SP, Patel DK. Accuracy and Comfort in Digital and Conventional Impression in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Randomized Comparative Study. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e76882. cureus.76882. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  34. Baxi S, Shadani K, Kesri R, et al. Recent advanced diagnostic aids in orthodontics. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31921. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  35. Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, Farges JC, Fages M, Ducret M. Intraoral Scanner Technologies: A Review to Make a Successful Impression. J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:8427595. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  36. Srivastava G, Padhiary SK, Mohanty N, Patil PG, Panda S, Cobo-Vazquez C, Çakmak G, Molinero-Mourelle P. Digital workflow feasibility for the fabrication of intraoral maxillofacial prosthetics after surgical resection: a systematic literature review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2024;83:392-403. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  37. Jedlińska L, Jedliński M. 3D intraoral scan and diagnostic plaster model under General Data Protection Regulation-Legal protection. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2023;95:102503. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  38. Eggmann F, Blatz MB. Recent Advances in Intraoral Scanners. J Dent Res. 2024;103(13):1349-1357. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  39. Align Technology. "iTero Element 5D." iTero, [Link]
  40. 3Shape. "TRIOS 5 Intraoral Scanner." 3Shape. [Link]
  41. Dentsply Sirona. "Primescan Connect." Dentsply. [Link]
  42. Medit. "Medit i700 Wireless Intraoral Scanner." Medit. [Link]
  43. Planmeca. "Planmeca Emerald S." Planmeca. [Link]