Lateralizing and Localizing Findings of Epileptic Seizures

PEDIATRIK BILIMLER OZEL 15-2 KAPAK

Mehmet CANPOLATa, Gül Demet KAYA ÖZÇORAb, Sefer KUMANDAŞa

aÇocuk Nörolojisi BD, Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kayseri, TÜRKİYE
bÇocuk Nörolojisi Kliniği, Şanlıurfa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Şanlıurfa, TÜRKİYE

ABSTRACT
The aim of resective epilepsy surgery is to completely remove the epileptogenic zone. No method alone can directly determine the location of the epileptogenic zone and the area it covers. For this reason, not only semiologic evaluation but also other adjunctive diagnostic methods are frequently used. Seizure semiology, noninvasive and invasive electrophysiological studies, anatomical and functional imaging methods should be carefully evaluated as a whole in order to determine the epileptogenic zone correctly. Localized and lateralizing findings have an important role in the localization of the epileptogenic zone. In this section, localized and lateralizing findings of epileptic seizures in children will be discussed.
Keywords: Epilepsy; child; epilepsy surgery; seizure semiology; lateralizing signs; localizing value

Referanslar

  1. Foldvary-Schaefer N, Unnwongse K. Localizing and lateralizing features of auras and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20(2):160-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  2. Loddenkemper T, Kotagal P. Lateralizing signs during seizures in focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2005;7(1):1-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  3. Carreno M, Luders HO. General principles of presurgical evaluation. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.409-22. [Crossref]
  4. Kellinghaus C, Luders HO. The symptomatogenic zone: general principles. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.425-31.
  5. So EL. Value and limitations of seizure semiology in localizing seizure onset. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;23(4):353-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  6. Asadi-Pooya AA. Lateralizing and localizing findings in focal epilepsies: a concise review. J Neurol Neurophysiol. 2012;S2. [Crossref]
  7. Vendrame M, Zarowski M, Alexopoulos AV, Wyllie E, Kothare SV, Loddenkemper T. Localization of pediatric seizure semiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(10):1924-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Kim DW, Jung KY, Chu K, Park SH, Lee SY, Lee SK. Localization value of seizure semiology analyzed by the conditional inference tree method. Epilepsy Res. 2015;115:81-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  9. Lv RJ, Sun ZR, Cui T, Shao XQ. Seizure semiology and electroencephalography in young children with lesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure. 2014;23(2):155-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  10. Elwan S, Alexopoulos A, Silveira DC, Kotagal P. Lateralizing and localizing value of seizure semiology: comparison with scalp EEG, MRI and PET in patients successfully treated with resective epilepsy surgery. Seizure. 2018;61:203-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  11. Ataoğlu EE, Yıldırım İ, Bilir E. An evaluation of lateralizing signs in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;47:115-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  12. Chauvel P, McGonigal A. Emergence of semiology in epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;38:94-103. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  13. Rona S. Auras: localizing and lateralizing value. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.432- 42.
  14. Kahane P, Hoffmann D, Minotti L, Berthoz A. Reappraisal of the human vestibular cortex by cortical electrical stimulation study. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(5):615-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  15. Henkel A, Noachtar S, Pfänder M, Lüders HO. The localizing value of the abdominal aura and its evolution: a study in focal epilepsies. Neurology. 2002;58(2):271-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  16. Rémillard GM, Andermann F, Testa GF, Gloor P, Aubé M, Martin JB, et al. Sexual ictal manifestations predominate in women with temporal lobe epilepsy: a finding suggesting sexual dimorphism in the human brain. Neurology. 1983;33(3):323- 30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  17. Stefan H, Schulze-Bonhage A, Pauli E, Platsch G, Quiske A, Buchfelder M, et al. Ictal pleasant sensations: cerebral localization and lateralization. Epilepsia. 2004;45(1):35-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  18. Noachtar S, Arnold S. Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.450-61.
  19. O'Dwyer R, Silva Cunha JP, Vollmar C, Mauerer C, Feddersen B, Burgess RC, et al. Lateralizing significance of quantitative analysis of head movements before secondary generalization of seizures of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48(3):524-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  20. Bianchin MM, Sakamoto SC. Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.462- 78.
  21. Bonelli SB, Lurger S, Zimprich F, Stogmann E, Assem-Hilger E, Baumgartner C. Clinical seizure lateralization in frontal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48(3):517-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Kotagal P, Bleasel A, Geller E, Kankirawatana P, Moorjani BI, Rybicki L. Lateralizing value of asymmetric tonic limb posturing observed in secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsia. 2000;41(4):457-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  23. Rusu V, Chassoux F, Landré E, Bouilleret V, Nataf F, Devaux BC, et al. Dystonic posturing in seizures of mesial temporal origin: electroclinical and metabolic patterns. Neurology. 2005;65(10): 1612-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Dupont S, Semah F, Boon P, Saint-Hilaire JM, Adam C, Broglin D, et al. Association of ipsilateral motor automatisms and contralateral dystonic posturing: a clinical feature differentiating medial from neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 1999;56(8):927-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Fogarasi A, Janszky J, Siegler Z, Tuxhorn I. Ictal smile lateralizes to the right hemisphere in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46(3):449-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  26. Alqadi K, Sankaraneni R, Thome U, Kotagal P. Semiology of hypermotor (hyperkinetic) seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;54:137-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  27. Janszky J, Balogh A, Hollo A, Szucs A, Borbely C, Barsi P, et al. Automatisms with preserved responsiveness and ictal aphasia: contradictory lateralising signs during a dominant temporal lobe seizure. Seizure. 2003;12(3):182-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Jacob A, Cherian PJ, Radhakrishnan K, Sarma PS. Emotional facial paresis in temporal lobe epilepsy: its prevalence and lateralizing value. Seizure. 2003;12(1):60-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  29. Kellinghaus C, Loddenkemper T, Kotagal P. Ictal spitting: clinical and electroencephalographic features. Epilepsia. 2003;44(8):1064-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  30. Fogarasi A, Janszky J, Tuxhorn I. Autonomic symptoms during childhood partial epileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2006;47(3):584-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  31. Nagaraddi V, Luders HO. Autonomic seizures localizing and lateralizing value. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.443-9.
  32. Weil S, Arnold S, Eisensehr I, Noachtar S. Heart rate increase in otherwise subclinical seizures is different in temporal versus extratemporal seizure onset: support for temporal lobe autonomic influence. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(3):199-204. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  33. Loddenkemper T, Kellinghaus C, Gandjour J, Nair DR, Najm IM, Bingaman W, et al. Localising and lateralising value of ictal piloerection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(6):879-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  34. Fogarasi A, Janszky J, Tuxhorn I. Ictal pallor is associated with left temporal seizure onset zone in children. Epilepsy Res. 2005;67(3):117-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  35. Benbadis SR. Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value. In: Luders HO, ed. Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. 1st ed. London/Boca Raton, FL: Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Distributor; 2008. p.488-91.
  36. O'Regan ME, Brown JK. Abnormalities in cardiac and respiratory function observed during seizures in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005; 47(1):4-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  37. Kuba R, Krízová J, Brázdil M, Tyrlíková I, Rektor I. Lateralized ictal immobility of the upper limb in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(11):886-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  38. Clarke DF, Otsubo H, Weiss SK, Chitoku S, Chuang SH, Logan WJ, et al. The significance of ear plugging in localization-related epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(12):1562-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  39. Bergen DC, Rayman L, Heydemann P. Bilateral Todd's paralysis after focal seizures. Epilepsia. 1992;33(6):1101-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  40. Geyer JD, Payne TA, Faught E, Drury I. Postictal nose-rubbing in the diagnosis, lateralization, and localization of seizures. Neurology. 1999;52(4):743-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  41. Devinsky O, Kelley K, Yacubian EM, Sato S, Kufta CV, Theodore WH, et al. Postictal behavior. A clinical and subdural electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol. 1994;51(3):254-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  42. Benbadis SR. Tongue biting as a lateralizing sign in partial epilepsy. Seizure. 1996;5(3):175-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]