MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUKLARINDA BİLİŞSEL İŞLEVLER
Meltem Hazel Şimşek
Giresun Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları AD, Giresun, Türkiye
MH Şimşek. Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarında Bilişsel İşlevler. Aydemir Ö, Esen Danacı A, editörler. Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.163-176.
ÖZET
Madde kullanım bozuklukları, bilişsel işlevleri bozarak, kişilerin yürütücü işlev, bellek, dikkat ve karar verme süreçlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu durum kişilerin günlük yaşamında, iş ve sosyal yaşantısında ciddi problemlere yol açmaktadır. Nörogörüntüleme çalışmaları bu bozukluğun, prefrontal korteks, hipokampus ve striatum gibi beyin bölgelerinde yapısal ve işlevsel değişikliklere neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Yürütücü işlevlerdeki bozulma, dürtü denetleme problemlerine yol açarak madde kullanımının devamına neden olmaktadır. Madde türüne bağlı olarak, dikkat, bellek, bilişsel esneklik gibi bilişsel işlevlerde farklı düzeylerde bozulmalar gözlenmektedir. Bilişsel işlevlerdeki bozulmalar, tedavi sürecinde zorluklara ve nüks riskinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Uzun süreli madde kullanmama sonrası bazı bilişsel işlevlerde kısmi iyileşme gözlense de, yürütücü işlevler ve karar verme süreçlerindeki bozulmalar kalıcı olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle madde bağımlılığıyla ilgili çalışmalar, yalnızca yoksunluk yönetimine değil, bilişsel işlevlerin korunmasına yönelik stratejilere de odaklanmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Madde kullanım bozuklukları; Bilişsel işlevler; Nörobilişsel bozukluklar; Yürütücü işlev; Sosyal biliş
Kaynak Göster
Referanslar
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