Mechanisms in Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Dilek DAŞGINa

aMuğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Muğla, Türkiye

Daşgın D. Mechanisms in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In: Günaştı Topal S, ed. Contact Dermatitis. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.1-7.

ABSTRACT

Contact dermatitis can be in the form of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which occurs when the skin is exposed to irritants, or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which occurs when the skin is exposed to allergens. Today, there are many known allergens and especially irritants that individuals are exposed to occupationally. Although ICD and ACD reactions have similar clinical and histological features, they have differences in terms of pathogenesis. ICD occurs as a result of the activation of the innate immune system due to the direct cytotoxic effect of the irritant agent; prior sensitization is not required. ACD is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which allergen-specific T cells take part in the inflammatory process. In ACD, after sensitization with an allergen, dermatitis occurs with re-exposure to the same allergen. In both types of contact dermatitis, inflammatory reactions are limited by the anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved in the process.

Keywords: Dermatitis, irritant; dermatitis, allergic contact; haptens

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