MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND OTHER PLASMA CELL DISEASES

multiplemyelomawos

MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE, DIAGNOSIS,CLINICAL IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT

Süreyya Yiğit Kaya1

Ömür Gökmen Sevindik2,3

1İstanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
2İstanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, İstanbul, Türkiye
3Demiroğlu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiy

Kaya SY, Sevindik ÖG. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance, Diagnosis, Clinical Impact and Management. In: Sevindik ÖG, editor. Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Dyscrasias. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.1-8.

ABSTRACT

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a premalignant plasma cell dis- order defined by the presence of monoclonal protein (M protein) in serum or urine, with levels below 3 g/dL, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration of less than 10%, and no symptoms indicative of multiple myeloma (MM) or other lymphoproliferative disorders. First described in 1960 as benign monoclo- nal gammopathy, MGUS was later linked to a 1% annual risk of progression to MM, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or light chain amyloidosis. Risk factors include advanced age, male sex, black race, family history, and exposure to environmental or infectious triggers. Genetic and immunological mechanisms, including chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations, contribute to its pathogen- esis. Clinical management focuses on risk stratification using factors such as M protein levels, free light chain ratio, and monoclonal immunoglobulin type. Treatment involves regular monitoring to detect progression, as MGUS remains asymptomatic in most cases. Future research aims to improve risk stratification and identify early intervention strategies to mitigate progression and enhance patient outcomes.

Keywords: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS); Multiple myeloma; Diagnosis; Plasma cells; Lymphoproliferative disorders

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