Movement and Inflammation

biyomedikalozel5-1-24kapak

Bilge KARAa
aDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurological Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, İzmir, Türkiye

Kara B. Movement and inflammation. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.151-6.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
The concept of movement includes physical activity and exercise. Physical activity is any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure above resting levels. Exercise is part of physical activity and is a planned and structured behaviour. Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise have focused on three possible mechanisms: the reduction in visceral fat mass; increased production and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from contracting skeletal muscle and reduced expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) on monocytes and macrophages. Studies in the literature have demonstrated that chronic inflammation may increase the risk of disability and mortality even in people who do not have clinical disease. Regular exercise protects against diseases associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Exercise induced changes in inflammation can be categorized as acute effects and long-term effects of exercise. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) are released after physical activity of sufficient intensity, followed by the release of anti-inflammatory or regulatory cytokines. During exercise, IL-6 is the first detectable cytokine released from the contracting skeletal muscle cells into the blood. Muscle-derived IL-6 increases with exercise. The duration of exercise is the single most important factor that determines the magnitude of the systemic IL-6 response. Acute exercise bout initiates a complex, time dependent cascade of inflammatory events, which depends largely on the mode, intensity, duration of the exercise bout. Regular physical exercise training may be considered a long lasting anti-inflammatory therapy, after the acute inflammatory actions are resolved. The long term effects of exercise on reducing inflammation are thought to be mainly mediated by reductions in the size of adipose tissue.

Keywords: Exercises; inflammation

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