Novel Drugs for Geriatric Patients

Elif BARIŞa , Yeşim TUNÇOKb

aİzmir University of Economics Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, İzmir, Türkiye
bDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, İzmir, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
While the global population of individuals aged 65 and older is projected to surpass 80 million by 2050, this situation highlights the need for personalized and accessible elderly care. This projection intersects with the demand for advanced treatments that enhance both longevity and quality of life, and prevalent chronic diseases in geriatric patients bring along high-cost treatments. This article addresses novel drugs used in treatment of chronic diseases in geriatric patients, including recently approved medications, lecanemab, aducanumab, edoxaban, and evolocumab.
Keywords: Geriatrics; aducanumab; edoxaban; evolocumab; lecanemab

Referanslar

  1. Gurwitz JH, Pearson SD. Novel Therapies for an Aging Population: Grappling With Price, Value, and Affordability. JAMA. 2019;321(16):1567-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  2. Radjasegarane A, Vasudevan K, Mathiyalagen P, Arul Varman P, Lopamudra P, Chellamuthu L. A community based cross-sectional study on morbidity profile of elderly in a rural area of Puducherry. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2021;8(4)1945-9. [Crossref]
  3. Lena A, Ashok K, Padma M, Kamath V, Kamath A. Health and social problems of the elderly: a cross-sectional study in udupi taluk, karnataka. Indian J Community Med. 2009;34(2):131-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  4. McDade E, Cummings JL, Dhadda S, Swanson CJ, Reyderman L, Kanekiyo M, et al. Lecanemab in patients with early Alzheimer's disease: detailed results on biomarker, cognitive, and clinical effects from the randomized and open-label extension of the phase 2 proof-of-concept study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14(1):191. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  5. Rofo F, Buijs J, Falk R, Honek K, Lannfelt L, Lilja AM, et al. Novel multivalent design of a monoclonal antibody improves binding strength to soluble aggregates of amyloid beta. Transl Neurodegener. 2021;10(1):38. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  6. Söderberg L, Johannesson M, Nygren P, Laudon H, Eriksson F, Osswald G, et al. Lecanemab, Aducanumab, and Gantenerumab - Binding Profiles to Different Forms of Amyloid-Beta Might Explain Efficacy and Side Effects in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2023;20(1):195-206. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  7. Canady VA. FDA approves Alzheimer's disease treatment. Mental Health Weekly. No: 33 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2023. p.8. [Crossref]
  8. Prillaman M. Alzheimer's drug slows mental decline in trial - but is it a breakthrough? Nature. 2022;610(7930):15-16. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  9. Swanson CJ, Zhang Y, Dhadda S, Wang J, Kaplow J, Lai RYK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial in early Alzheimer's disease with lecanemab, an anti-Aβ protofibril antibody. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021;13(1):80. Erratum in: Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14(1):70. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  10. Song C, Shi J, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao L, et al. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: targeting β-amyloid and beyond. Transl Neurodegener. 2022;11(1):18. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  11. Filippi M, Cecchetti G, Spinelli EG, Vezzulli P, Falini A, Agosta F. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities and β-Amyloid-Targeting Antibodies: A Systematic Review. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(3):291-304. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  12. Tolar M, Abushakra S, Hey JA, Porsteinsson A, Sabbagh M. Aducanumab, gantenerumab, BAN2401, and ALZ-801-the first wave of amyloid-targeting drugs for Alzheimer's disease with potential for near term approval. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):95. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  13. Lin L, Hua F, Salinas C, Young C, Bussiere T, Apgar JF, et al. Quantitative systems pharmacology model for Alzheimer's disease to predict the effect of aducanumab on brain amyloid. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2022;11(3):362-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  14. Arndt JW, Qian F, Smith BA, Quan C, Kilambi KP, Bush MW, et al. Structural and kinetic basis for the selectivity of aducanumab for aggregated forms of amyloid-β. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6412. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  15. Padda IS, Parmar M. Aducanumab. 2023 Jun 3. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-.
  16. Cummings J, Aisen P, Apostolova LG, Atri A, Salloway S, Weiner M. Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021;8(4):398-410. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  17. Kandadi Muralidharan K, Tong X, Kowalski KG, Rajagovindan R, Lin L, Budd Haberlain S, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and standard uptake value ratio of aducanumab, an amyloid plaque-removing agent, in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2022;11(1):7-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  18. Hershey LA, Tarawneh R. Clinical Efficacy, Drug Safety, and Surrogate Endpoints: Has Aducanumab Met All of Its Expectations? Vol. 97, Neurology. United States; 2021. p.517-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. Rossaint R, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Coats TJ, Duranteau J, Fernández-Mondéjar E, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fourth edition. Crit Care. 2016;20:100. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  20. Parasrampuria DA, Mendell J, Shi M, Matsushima N, Zahir H, et al. Edoxaban drug-drug interactions with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cyclosporine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;82(6):1591-600. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  21. Parasrampuria DA, Truitt KE. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Edoxaban, a Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant that Inhibits Clotting Factor Xa. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016;55(6):641-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  22. Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, Bischoff JM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(3):e4-e17. Erratum in: Circulation. 2022;145(11):e771. [Crossref]
  23. Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjøth F, Søgaard M, Lip GYH. Effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the Danish Nationwide Cohort. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021;7(1):31-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Nagaoki Y, Aikata H, Daijyo K, Teraoka Y, Shinohara F, Nakamura Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of edoxaban for treatment of portal vein thrombosis following danaparoid sodium in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res. 2018;48(1):51-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Taher Seyyed Mahmoudi S, Kianpour P, Mortezazadeh M, Rafiee S, Mourtami R, Mofidi A, et al. Statin-induced tendon rupture in a patient with high 10-year a case report. Authorea. 2022 [Crossref]
  26. Kazi DS, Penko J, Coxson PG, Moran AE, Ollendorf DA, Tice JA, et al. Updated Cost-effectiveness Analysis of PCSK9 Inhibitors Based on the Results of the FOURIER Trial. JAMA. 2017;318(8):748-750. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  27. Chan DC, Watts GF, Somaratne R, Wasserman SM, Scott R, Barrett PHR. Comparative Effects of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Inhibition and Statins on Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018;38(7):1644-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  28. Pokhrel B, Yuet WC, Levine SN. PCSK9 Inhibitors. 2022 May 13. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-.
  29. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/ NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168-209. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3234-7.
  30. Toth PP, Sattar N, Blom DJ, Martin SS, Jones SR, Monsalvo ML, et al. Effect of Evolocumab on Lipoprotein Particles. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(3):308-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  31. Sattar N, Toth PP, Blom DJ, Koren MJ, Soran H, Uhart M, et al. Effect of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor Evolocumab on Glycemia, Body Weight, and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(9):1521-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  32. Scott LJ. Rimegepant: First Approval. Drugs. 2020;80(7):741-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  33. Scott LJ. Lemborexant: First Approval. Drugs. 2020;80(4):425-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  34. Kulshreshtha M. An Update on New Cholesterol Inhibitor: Bempedoic Acid. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2022;18(2):e141221198875. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  35. Lamb YN. Ozanimod: First Approval. Drugs. 2020;80(8):841-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  36. Markham A. Relugolix: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2019;79(6):675-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  37. Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Zambon A, Toth PP, Borghi C. Efficacy and safety of inclisiran a newly approved FDA drug: a systematic review and pooled analysis of available clinical studies. Am Hear J Plus Cardiol Res Pract. 2022;13(6):100127. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  38. Markham A, Duggan S. Vericiguat: First Approval. Drugs. 2021;81(6):721-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  39. Heo YA. Voclosporin: First Approval. Drugs. 2021;81(5):605-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  40. Keam SJ. Teplizumab: First Approval. Drugs. 2023;83(5):439-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  41. Syed YY. Sparsentan: First Approval. Drugs. 2023;83(6):563-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  42. Affan M, Dar MS. Sotagliflozin: an insight into the first dual SGLT inhibitor now approved for heart failure. Ir J Med Sci. 2023. [Crossref]  [PubMed]