Nursing Care and Education in Complications of Liver Cirrhosis

Gülay YILDIRIMa
aTrakya University Keşan Hakkı Yörük School of Health, Department of Nursing, Edirne, Türkiye

Yıldırım G. Nursing care and education in complications of liver cirrhosis. In: Oğuz S, ed. Nursing Care and Education in Gastrointestinal System Diseases. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.26-31.

ABSTRACT
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by hardening and scarring of the liver parenchyma, in which fibrous tissues and regenerative nodules are formed and the functional and structural integrity of the liver is impaired. With its complications, liver cirrhosis has significant morbidity and mortality. Alcohol, viral hepatitis, drugs, toxins, and metabolic causes comprise the etiology of the disease. In the initial stages, it progresses as asymptomatic compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis with severe symptoms. Intermittent moderate fever, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, unexplained nosebleed, fatigue, difficulty in digestion, indigestion, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea or constipation, spider-like blood vessels, and itching may be observed in the early compensated stage. In the decompensated stage, hematologic findings such as ascites, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal varices, portal hypertension-related serious complications and encephalopathy may be encountered. These complications seen in the decompensated stage increase rehospitalizations and create a burden for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Therefore, nurses should plan lifestyle changes and nursing care for compliance with drug treatment and the complications seen in the patient. Planning of appropriate nursing care for the patient will prevent the progression of complications, improve quality of life, and reduce new hospitalizations and mortality.

Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; complications; nursing

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