Nutrition in Trauma

cocuk-yogunbakim-5-2-kapak-wosonayiyok

Merve MISIRLIOĞLUa , Ali Ertuğ ARSLANKÖYLÜa

aMersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Mersin, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Providing nutritional support reduces the severity and complications of the disease, shortens the length of stay in the intensive care unit, and affects patients positively. Nutrition options should be arranged as enteral or parenteral according to the clinic of the disease and the type of trauma. Although there is not enough evidence about when to start feeding in intensive care patients, it is recommended to start enteral nutrition within 24-48 hours in patients who are hemodynamically stable and have a functional gastrointestinal system. It is important to provide nutritional support in critically ill children followed up in the intensive care unit due to trauma, as in other patient groups. If there is no nutritional contraindication, patients should be fed as early as possible, enteral route should be preferred, and protein adequacy should be evaluated at repetitive intervals.
Keywords: Nutrition; child; trauma; intensive care

Referanslar

  1. Cook RC, Blinman TA. Nutritional support of the pediatric trauma patient. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010;19(4):242-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  2. Sachdev G, Backes K, Thomas BW, Sing RF, Huynh T. Volume-Based Protocol Improves Delivery of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Trauma Patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(5):874-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  3. Alberda C, Gramlich L, Jones N, Jeejeebhoy K, Day AG, Dhaliwal R, et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(10):1728-37. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  4. Tume LN, Valla FV, Joosten K, Jotterand Chaparro C, Latten L, Marino LV, et al. Nutritional support for children during critical illness: European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) metabolism, endocrine and nutrition section position statement and clinical recommendations. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(3):411-25. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  5. Simsek T, Uzelli Simsek H, Canturk NZ. Response to trauma and metabolic changes: posttraumatic metabolism.Turkish Journal of Surgery 2014;30:153-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  6. Campbell RM, Cuthbertson DP. Effect of environmental temperature on the metabolic response to injury. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1967;52:114-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  7. Jan BV, Lowry ST. Systemic response to injury and metabolic support. In: Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Biliar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, eds. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 9th ed. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2010. p.15-49.
  8. Hasenboehler E, Williams A, Leinhase I, Morgan SJ, Smith WR, Moore EE, Stahel PF. Metabolic changes after polytrauma: an imperative for early nutritional support. World J Emerg Surg. 2006;1:29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  9. O'Keefe GE, Shelton M, Qiu Q, Araujo-Lino JC. Increasing Enteral Protein Intake in Critically Ill Trauma and Surgical Patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34:751-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  10. Moore FA, Phillips SM, McClain CJ, Patel JJ, Martindale RG. Nutrition Support for Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32:121-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  11. Misirlioglu M, Yildizdas D, Ekinci F, Yontem A, Ozgur Horoz O. The effects of the first feeding time on the prognosis of the patients with trauma who were followed up in pediatric intensive care unit. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2021;8:37-41. [Crossref]
  12. Mehta NM, Skillman HE, Irving SY, Coss-Bu JA, Vermilyea S, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Pediatric Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2017; 41:706-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  13. Hulst JM, Zwart H, Hop WC, Joosten KF. Dutch national survey to test the STRONGkids nutritional risk screening tool in hospitalized children. Clin Nutr. 2010;29:106-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  14. Agin H, Arslankoylu AE, Asilioglu Yener N, et al. Nutrition in pediatric intensive care units. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2023;10:66-83. [Crossref]
  15. Balakrishnan B, Flynn-O'Brien KT, Simpson PM, Dasgupta M, Hanson SJ. Enteral Nutrition Initiation in Children Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care. 2019;30(1):193-200. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  16. Dijkink S, Meier K, Krijnen P, Yeh DD, Velmahos GC, Schipper IB. Malnutrition and its effects in severely injured trauma patients. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46(5):993-1004. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  17. Misirlioglu M, Yildizdas D, Ekinci F, et al. The effects of protein intake on clinical outcome in pediatric intensive care units. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2023;58(1):68-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  18. Wittholz K, Fetterplace K, Clode M, et al. Measuring nutrition-related outcomes in a cohort of multi-trauma patients following intensive care unit discharge. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020;33:414-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. Rohani P, Alimadadi H, Mirrahimi B, Yaghmaie B, Hashemis SM, Ahmadizadeh SN, et al. Nutritional section position statement and clinical practice recommendations for children admitted to intensive care unit. Iran J Pediatr. 2022;32:e119824. [Crossref]
  20. Mehta NM, Compher C; A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Guidelines: Nutrition support of the critically ill child. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33(3):260-76. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Mesotten D, Joosten K, van Kempen A, Verbruggen S; ESPGHAN/ ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN working group on pediatric parenteral nutrition. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Carbohydrates. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:2337-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Lapillonne A, Fidler Mis N, Goulet O, van den Akker CHP, Wu J, Koletzko B; ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN working group on pediatric parenteral nutrition. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Lipids. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(6 Pt B):2324-2336. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  23. Reuter-Rice K, Christoferson E. Critical Update on the Third Edition of the Guidelines for Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. Am J Crit Care. 2020;29(1):e13-e8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Kose G, Ayhan H. Nutrition in traumatic brain injuries. Turkish Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;28(3):386-92.
  25. Sakallı MA, Enon S. A complication approach to intensive care problems for thoracic trauma patients. Bulletin of Thoracic Surgery. 2014;5(3):175-179.
  26. Cotton BA, Reddy N, Hatch QM, et al. Damage control resuscitation is associated with a reduction in resuscitation volumes and improvement in survival in 390 damage control laparotomy patients. Ann Surg. 2011;254(4):598-605. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  27. Cruse JM, Lewis RE, Dilioglou S, Roe DL, Wallace WF, Chen RS. Review of immune function, healing of pressure ulcers, and nutritional status in spinal cord injury patients. J Spinal Cord Med. 2000;23:129-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Erhan B. Nutrition in spinal cord injured patients. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2010:56 Suppl 2;64-6.