Pediatric Nail Disorders

kozder ozel 13-3 kapak

Başak YALICI ARMAĞANa, Sibel ERSOY EVANSa

aHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıkları ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE

ABSTRACT
Nail disorders in children can be divided into seven categories including physiologic alterations, congenital or inherited conditions, infections, dermatologic diseases, traumatic nail changes, systemic or iatrogenic nail alterations and other disordes. Nail dystrophies may represent a clue for the diagnosis of a syndrome (e.g. nail-patella syndrome) or dermatological disease (e.g. lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata). Some nail disorders are physiologic which is important to know because of disappearance with age and not requiring any treatment. Congenital nail fold hypertrophy of great toenail is also known as pseudoingrown toe nail and regresses within the first year of life. Periungual warts are the most common infectious disease in pediatric population. Beau lines on several fingernails are very common in children after temperature crest. Tumors are rare in children. Longitudinal melanonychia is mostly due to benign melanocytic hyperplasia in children. Leukonychia, is mostly true leukonychia in childhood and punctate type which is due to trauma. Onychophagia and onychotillomania are most common reasons of chronic trauma in childhood. ‘Playstation’ (Nintendo thumb) or ‘cell phone’ thumb have been described recently as painful thumbs caused from repetitive injury in conjunction with the dramatic rise in playing of videogames or cell phone texting.
Keywords: Nail Diseases; nails; pediatric

Referanslar

  1. Starace M, Alessandrini A, Piraccini BM. Nail Disorders in Children. Skin Appendage Disord. 2018;4:217-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  2. Ersoy Evans S. Çocukluk Çağının Tırnak Hastalıkları. Turkiye Klinikleri j Dermatol-Special Topics. 2016;9(3):20-6.
  3. Bender AM and Cohen BA. Disorders of the Hair and Nails Pediatric Dermatology, Fourth Edition. Baltimore. 2013.p.211-239. [Crossref]
  4. Wulkan Aj, Tosti A. Pediatric nail conditions. Clinics in Dermatology. 2013;31: 564-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  5. James WD, Elston DM, Treat jR, Rosenbach MA and Neuhaus IM. Diseases of the Skin Appendages. In: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin. Thirteenth Edition. 2020;33: 750-793.e5.
  6. Chu DH, Rubin AI. Diagnosis and management of nail disorders in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014;61(2):293-308. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  7. Chen W, Yu YS, Liu YH, Sheen jM, Hsiao CC. Nail changes associated with chemotherapy in children. j Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(2):186-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Hardin j, Haber RM. Onychomadesis: literature review. Br j Dermatol. 2015;172(3):592-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  9. Long DL, Zhu SY, Li CZ, Chen CY, Du WT, Wang X. Late-Onset Nail Changes Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Clinical Analysis of 56 Cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33(4):424-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  10. Oberlin KE. Pediatric Nail Diseases: Clinical Pearls. Cutis. 2017;99(2):E19-E21.
  11. Richert B, André j. Nail disorders in children: diagnosis and management. Am j Clin Dermatol. 2011;1;12(2):101-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  12. Catalfo P, Musumeci ML, Lacarrubba F, Dinotta F, Micali g. Congenital Malalignment of the great Toenails: A Review. Skin Appendage Disord. 2018;4(4):230-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  13. Rubin AI and Baran R. Physical Signs. In: Baran R et al. Baran & Dawber ' s Diseases of the Nails and Their Management. Fourth Edition. Chichester. 2012. p.51-100. [Crossref]
  14. Totri CR, Feldstein S, Admani S, Friedlander SF, Eichenfield LF. Epidemiologic Analysis of Onychomycosis in the San Diego Pediatric Population. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):46-49. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  15. Solís-Arias MP, garcía-Romero MT. Onychomycosis in children. A review. Int j Dermatol. 2017;56(2):123-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  16. gupta AK, Mays RR, Versteeg Sg, Shear NH, Friedlander SF. Onychomycosis in children: Safety and efficacy of antifungal agents. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(5):552-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  17. Bronckers IMgj, Bruins FM, van geel Mj, groenewoud HMM, Kievit W, van de Kerkhof PCM. et al. Nail Involvement as a Predictor of Disease Severity in Paediatric Psoriasis: Follow-up Data from the Dutch ChildCAPTuRE Registry. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;1;99(2):152-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  18. Pourchot D, Bodemer C, Phan A, Bursztejn AC, Hadj-Rabia S, Boralevi F et al. Nail Psoriasis: Systematic Evaluation in 313 Children with Psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):58-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. McClanahan DR, English jC . Therapeutics for Adult Nail Psoriasis and Nail Lichen Planus: A guide for Clinicians. Am j Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(4):559-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  20. De Simone C, Maiorino A, Tassone F, D'Agostino M, Caldarola g. Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in nail psoriasis: a randomized controlled open-label study. j Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(8):1003-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Pandhi D, Singal A, Bhattacharya SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(1):59-67. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. Ujiie H, Shibaki A, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. Successful Treatment of Nail Lichen Planus with Topical Tacrolimus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90(2):218-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  23. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Cambiaghi S, jorizzo M. Nail lichen planus in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(8):1027- 32.
  24. Starace M, Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Piraccini BM.Trachyonychia: a retrospective study of 122 patients in a period of 30 years. j Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 jan 10. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Shah KN, Rubin AI. Nail disorders as signs of pediatric systemic disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2012;42(8):204-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  26. Richert B, Caucanas M, André j. Diagnosis using Nail Matrix. Dermatol Clin 33:2015;243- 255. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  27. Ventura F, Correia O, Duarte AF, Barros AM, Haneke E."Retronychia-clinical and pathophysiological aspects".j Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(1):16-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  28. Nakouri I, Litaiem N, jones M, Zeglaoui F. Retronychia Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment. j Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2018;108(1):74-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  29. Lencastre A, Iorizzo M, Caucanas M, Cunha N, Trakatelli Mg, Zaraa I et al. Topical steroids for the treatment of retronychia. j Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(9):e320- e322. [Crossref]
  30. Piraccini BM, Richert B, de Berker DA, Tengattini V, Sgubbi P, Patrizi A et al. Retronychia in children, adolescents, and young adults: a case series. j Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(2):388-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  31. Utine Eg, Yalçin B, Karnak I, Kale g, Yalçin E, Doğru D et al. Childhood intrathoracic Hodgkin lymphoma with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy: a case report and review of the literature. Eur j Pediatr. 2008;167(4):419-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  32. Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Deguchi K, gámez-gonzález B, ulloa-gutierrez R, Hamada H. Orange-brown chromonychia: A valid sign in Kawasaki disease in children of different ethnicities. Int j Rheum Dis. 2019;22(6):1160-1. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  33. Leung AKC, Leong KF, Lam jM. Onychomadesis in a 20-Month-Old Child with Kawasaki Disease. Case Rep Pediatr. 2019;3;2019:3156736. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  34. Vignes S, Baran R. Yellow nail syndrome: a review. Orphanet j Rare Dis. 2017;12(1):42. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  35. Fıçıcıoğlu S, Korkmaz S. Onychophagia Induced Melanonychia, Splinter Hemorrhages, Leukonychia, and Pterygium Inversum unguis Concurrently. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2018;30;2018:3230582. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  36. Cooper C, Arva NC, Lee C, Yélamos O, Obregon R, Sholl LM et al. A clinical, histopathologic, and outcome study of melanonychia striata in childhood. j Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(5):773-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  37. Di Chiacchio ND, Farias DC, Piraccini BM, Hirata SH, Richert B, Zaiac M et al. Consensus on melanonychia nail plate dermoscopy. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(2):309-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  38. Lorizzo M, Tosti A, Di Chiacchio N, Hirata SH, Misciali C, Michalany N et al. Nail melanoma in children: differential diagnosis and management. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(7):974-8. [Crossref]
  39. Samuelov L, Smith FjD, Hansen CD, Sprecher E. Revisiting pachyonychia congenita: a case-cohort study of 815 patients. Br j Dermatol. 2019 Dec 10. [Crossref]
  40. Niewisch MR and Savage SA. An update on the biology and management of dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders. Expert Rev Hematol. 2019;12(12):1037-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]