Phototoxic and Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis

Bilge FETTAHLIOĞLU KARAMANa , Ahmet Doğukan DAĞDAŞa , Varol Lütfü AKSUNGURa

aÇukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Adana, Türkiye

Fettahlıoğlu Karaman B, Dağdaş AD, Aksungur VL. Phototoxic and photoallergic contact dermatitis. In: Günaştı Topal S, ed. Contact Dermatitis. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.26-31.

ABSTRACT

Here will be discussed photoirritant and photoallergic dermatitides caused by topical or systemic exogenous substances. Photoirritation may or not be depended on oxygen. In photoallergy, haptens may be the transformed or untransformed substances. The main culprits are plants, fragrances, sunscreens, and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Photosensitive dermatitides may cause many appearances resembling sunburn, eczema, urticaria, lichen planus, porphyria, or lupus erythematosus. They may also present as dyspigmentation. A distribution involving exposed areas and sparing shaded areas is a clue for diagnosis of photodermatoses. Although photoirritant and photoallergic dermatitides may coexist, a clinican should know distinguishing features between them, e.g. early or late onset after exposure. A photosensitive dermatitis, should also be differentiated from idiopathic photodermatoses e.g., polymorphic light eruption. Photopatch and photoprovocation tests may be useful in determining the photoallergen. Elimination of photoreactive substances, photoprotection, and anti-inflammatory measures are the main arms of management of photosensitive dermatitides.

Keywords: Contact dermatitides, photoallergic; contact dermatitides, phototoxic; contact dermatitides, photosensitive

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