Pituitary Insufficiency

Gökçe YOLCUa , İlksen OKURb

aAntalya City Hospital, Clinic of Emercency Medicine, Antalya, Türkiye
bOsmaniye State Hospital, Clinic of Emercency Medicine, Osmaniye, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
The pituitary serves as the central regulator of the endocrine system, affecting various organs and systems in the presence of hypopituitarism. While there is no significant difference in prevalence and incidence between male and female genders, advances in technology and imaging methods have increased the frequency of diagnosis in the overall population. Pituitary adenomas are the most common cause of hypopituitarism. Among other causes are surgery, radiation, trauma, infiltrative and genetic diseases, pituitaryitis, and infarction. Clinical presentation varies depending on the affected hormone. In cases of sudden periorbital headache, hypopituitarism should be considered. The most severe manifestation involves cortisol deficiency leading to vascular collapse, causing potentially fatal ACTH deficiency. Diagnostic tests are warranted based on clinical suspicion and confirmed radiographic imaging. Specific tests are available for evaluating deficiencies in respective hormones. Treatment involves replacement therapy for these deficiencies, and if a tumoral lesion is present, surgical resection is performed.
Keywords: Hypopituitarism; pituitary gland; adenohypophysis; hypopituitarism; pituitary diseases; pituitary hormones, anterior; pituitary gland, anterior

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