CORONARY VENOUS SYSTEM DISEASES

Coronary_Venous_System_Diseases

POTENTIAL FOR STEM CELLS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

Ali Duygu

Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir, Türkiye

Duygu A. Potential for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. In: Altay S, Akşit E, Kemaloğlu Öz T editor. Coronary Venous System Diseases. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.171-179.

ABSTRACT

Stem cells (SCs) are a population of immature tissue precursor cells that, under the right conditions, can differentiate into a variety of different cell types and self-renew or proliferate. There are many clas- sifications, with embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, hematopoietic being the most widely known and used types. In degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, hearing loss, cirrho- sis and heart failure, cells cannot renew themselves and the irreversible process begins. In recent years, stem cell technology has been used for degenerative diseases and heart failure is one of these diseases. Studies have shown that cardiomyocyte regeneration in heart failure that develops after myocardial infarction is achieved, albeit to a lesser extent, and promising for the future. In addition, cardiac chan- nelopathies such as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhyth- mogenic right ventricular dysplasia, long QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia have recently been described using iPSC models. The use of this specialized and clinically relevant model system is of significant benefit in cardiovascular research, as it can overcome the difficulties in translating data from models with different species and biological characteristics. For this purpose, cardiac veins have often been used as a conduit for transfer due to their proximity to myocardial tissue and ease of direct delivery. Experimental studies have shown their superiority over peripheral veins. However, due to their large surface area and easy availability, veins can also be used for stem cell diversion. There are studies in this direction and peripheral veins have been used for this purpose. The use of cardiac veins and especially the coronary sinus has expanded in recent years as a result of developments in the field of interventional cardiology. It has been one of the main points for valve diseases and electrophysiologic studies. As it constitutes a large part of the coronary blood flow network, cardiac veins may not only be a transfer route for stem cell technology but also a source for stem cell harvesting. However, cardiac veins are still waiting to be used for stem cell harvesting and regenerative therapies. In the future, the coronary venous system may be a great potential for in vivo and in vitro studies in the use of this treatment modality. Its use for cardiomyocyte regeneration may be promising.

Keywords: Adult stem cells; Coronary vessels; Regenerative medicine; Embryonic stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells

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