ANESTHESIOLOGY FAST REVIEW

ANESTHESIOLOGY_FAST_REVIEWKAPAK1-0-25

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

Seval Kılbasanlı

Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Niğde, Türkiye

Kılbasanlı S. Renal Physiology. In: Kazancı D, editor. Anesthesiology Fast Review. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.45-53.

ABSTRACT

  • The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating body fluid balance, metabolic waste excretion, and acid-base homeostasis.
  • Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units responsible for urine formation.
  • Renal circulation accounts for 22% of cardiac output, with blood flow rates of approximately 1100 ml/min.
  • The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney function, with an average of 125 ml/min in healthy adults.
  • The nephron’s reabsorption and secretion mechanisms maintain electrolyte balance and regulate the composition of the filtrate.
  • Perioperative factors, including anesthesia, can impair renal function, leading to fluid imbalance and acute kidney injury.
  • Anesthetic agents can cause both direct and indirect effects on renal perfusion and glomerular filtration.
  • Maintaining renal function in perioperative management requires careful hemodynamic monitoring and fluid balance control.
  • Autoregulatory mechanisms help stabilize GFR despite fluctuations in arterial pressure within certain limits.
  • Research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to minimize renal complications during surgery and anesthesia.

Keywords: Kidney; Physiology; Anesthesia; Nephrons; Glomerular filtration rate

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