Sialodacryoadenitis Virus in Rats

veterinerbilichastaliklari10-3-24kapak

Naci ÖCALa
aKırıkkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kırıkkale, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
This chapter discussed the etiology, transmission, pathology diagnosis and prevention issues related to sialodacryoadenitis infection of rats. As a laboratory animal, the rat has characteristics such as a short gestation and a relatively short life span, docile behavior, well-known genetic backgrounds and well-defined clinical health. Sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus infection, first described by Innes and Stanton in 1961, is a common natural corona virus infection of laboratory rats. The causative agent SDA is very contagious and infection is spread among rats by direct physical contact with infected rats as well as inhalation of aerosol and fomites. Sialodacryoadenitis in the rat is clinically characterized by findings including sniffling, photophobia, chromodacryorrhea, intermandibular swelling, and reduced fertility. The infection has a low rate of mortality, but a high rate of morbitidy. The disease especially during the acute phase, casues a multi-focal necrosis of the respiratory epithelial lining of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles with edema and an infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells. Micropscopic changes include lesions associated with sialadenitis of the submaxillary and parotid salivary glands, and dacryoadenitis of the Harderian and exorbital lacrimal glands. Among the well-known method of detecting rodent coronaviruses are Real-Time PCR/ TaqMan PCR. Active quarantine programs should be implemented to prevent entry of infected rats into a facility. As an enveloped virus, SDA virus is susceptible to detergents, disinfectants, drying, and ethanol.

Keywords: Rats; coronavirus, rat

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