ŞİZOFRENİ, POZİTİF BELİRTİLER VE BİLİŞSEL İŞLEVLER
Sema Çağal
Bulancak Devlet Hastanesi, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Giresun, Türkiye
Çağal S. Şizofreni, Pozitif Belirtiler ve Bilişsel İşlevler. Aydemir Ö, Esen Danacı A, editörler. Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.23-33.
ÖZET
Şizofreni genç yaşta başlayan, kişinin insan ilişkilerinden ve gerçeklerden uzaklaşarak, kendine özgü bir içe kapanma dünyasında yaşadığı; düşünüş, duyuş ve davranışlarda önemli bozuklukların görüldüğü ağır bir ruhsal bozukluktur. Şizofrenide bilişsel işlev bozuklukları, pozitif ve negatif belirtiler gözlenmektedir. Bilişsel işlev bozuklukları şizofreninin temel özelliklerinden biridir. Hastalığın prodromal döneminden kronik evrelerine kadar her döneminde saptanır. Şizofreni hastalarında dikkat, bellek, yürütücü işlevler ve sosyal bilişsel işlevlerde bozukluklar günlük işlevselliği ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkiler. Bilişsel belirtilerin, diğer belirti boyutlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında pozitif belirtilerle olan ilişkisi daha zayıf bulunmuştur. Antipsikotik ilaçlar psikotik belirtilerin kontrol altına alınmasında etkili olsa da bilişsel bozulmaları iyileştirici etkisi sınırlıdır. Bilişsel değerlendirmelerin yapılması ve bilişsel müdahalelerin uygulanması, şizofreni tedavisinde bütüncül yaklaşımın parçası olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Şizofreni; Bilişsel disfonksiyon; Nörobiliş; Sosyal biliş; Yürütücü işlevler; Dikkat; Bellek; Çalışma belleği
Kaynak Göster
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