İskender SAYEK^a
aHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Retired Faculty Member, Ankara, Türkiye

Sayek İ. Surgical inflammation. In: Koçdor H, Pabuççuoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F, eds. Inflammation and in vitro Diagnostics. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.157-60.

Article Language: EN

ABSTRACT
Inflammation is the tisuue response to various dangerous and harmful internal or external stimuli. The effect of surgery could either be local at the site of surgical procedure or at a remote area in the body. Surgical interventions may lead to a systemic inflammation with different effects: secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, glycocalyx damage, activation of neutrophils, and ultimately tissue and multiple organ dysfunction.The factors determining the effects of inflammation after surgery depends on pro- and anti- inflammatory mediators and the immune response. The extent of the inflammatory response after surgery is related to the to the extent of the surgical procedure or tissue injury. The surgical inflammatory response is composed of various components which are hormonal, metabolic, hemodynamic and immune responses. Resolution of the inflammatory response is controlled with anti-inflammatory mediators. Balanced inflammatory reponse vs overwhelmed immune response are the two main reponses which are the main factors in surgical inflammation. The main aim in the treatment is to prevent the overwhelming inflammatory response and reduce organ damage.

Keywords: Surgical inflammation; proinflammatory cytokines; anti-inflammatory cytokines; endothelium; systemic inflammatory response; resolution of the inflammatory response