PSİKİYATRİK BOZUKLUKLAR VE BİLİŞSEL İŞLEVLER

Psikiyatrik_Bozukluklar_ve_Bilissel_Islevler

TEKNOLOJİK BAĞIMLILIKLAR VE BİLİŞSEL İŞLEVLER

Pınar Ünal Aydın1
Orkun Aydın2

1Uluslararası Saraybosna Üniversitesi, Sanat ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji AD,Saraybosna, Bosna Hersek
2Uluslararası Saraybosna Üniversitesi, Tıp Bilimleri Fakültesi, Saraybosna, Bosna Hersek

Ünal Aydın P, Aydın O. Teknolojik Bağımlılıklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. Aydemir Ö, Esen Danacı A, editörler. Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ve Bilişsel İşlevler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.177-187.

ÖZET

Teknolojinin hızlı gelişimi ve yaygınlaşması, ruh sağlığı sorunlarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Son yıllarda; internet ve akıllı telefon kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşmakta olup, bu durum özellikle gençler arasında teknolojik bağımlılıkları artırmaktadır. Teknolojik bağımlılıklar, madde bağımlılığına benzer özellikler taşıyan davranışsal bağımlılıkların bir alt kümesi olarak görülmektedir. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği; internet bağımlılığı, sosyal medya bağımlılığı, çevrimiçi oyun oynama bozukluğu, çevrimiçi kumar ve alışveriş bağımlılığı gibi çeşitli teknoloji bağımlılıklarını tanımlamıştır. Teknolojik bağımlılıklar neticesinde ortaya çıkan sürekli ekran maruziyeti, bireylerin olağan hayattaki etkileşimlerini azaltarak, beyin gelişimine ve bilişsel işlevlere zarar verebilmekte, özellikle çocuklarda dil gelişimi ve bilişsel kontrol mekanizmalarını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Araştırmalar, üstbiliş, sosyal biliş ve yürütücü işlevler gibi yetilerin madde kullanım bozukluklarında olduğu gibi, çevrimiçi oyun oynama bozukluğu, problemli akıllı telefon ve sosyal medya kullanımı ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Nörogörüntüleme çalışmaları da teknoloji bağımlılığının bilişsel kontrol mekanizmalarını etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Teknolojik bağımlılıklarda, özellikle karar verme, dikkat ve dürtü kontrolü süreçleri zayıflamakta, bireyler kısa vadeli ödülleri tercih etmeye eğilimli hale gelmekte ve ruhsal iyilik halinin korunması sekteye uğramaktadır. Teknolojik bağımlılıklar için bilişsel davranışçı terapi ve motivasyonel görüşme teknikleri gibi çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmakta olup bunun yanı sıra, bu duruma eşlik eden psikiyatrik belirtileri önleme amaçlı farmakolojik tedaviler de uygulanabilmektedir. Uygulanmakta olan bu müdahaleler zaman zaman başarılı olsa da teknolojik bağımlılıkların tedavisi her bireyde farklı sonuçlanabilmektedir. Teknolojik bağımlılıkların bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin klinisyenler tarafından kapsamlı olarak tanınması, risk altındaki bireylerin saptanarak, bağımlılık geliştirmeden müdahale edilmesine ve bu bireylerin sağlıklı teknoloji kullanım alışkanlıkları edinmesine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Teknoloji bağımlılığı; Bilişsel disfonksiyon; Nörobilişsel bozukluklar; Üstbiliş; Sosyal biliş; Yürütücü işlev

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